---
title: choppy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «choppy» in the school dictionary: Full of small, rough waves, because of wind: «choppy water». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# choppy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** short jerky parts, you, sea, We, lake, wind · **What happens:** break, not flow, cut, be, sail, feel · **To what, where:** short jerky parts, uneven layers, choppy water, sentences, short choppy haircut

<!-- .vabout -->
«choppy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [choppy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/choppy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of the sea or a lake — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Full of small, rough waves, because of wind: «choppy water».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choppy:m1:1
# text = Full of small, rough waves, because of wind: «choppy water».
1	Full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	advcl	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	choppy	choppy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of writing, speech or music — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Broken into short, jerky parts that do not flow well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choppy:m2:1
# text = Broken into short, jerky parts that do not flow well.
1	Broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	jerky	jerky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	flow	flow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | into short jerky parts *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into part=Result |
| 2 | **not** **flow** | present · do-support | short jerky parts |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of hair — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cut in uneven layers on purpose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choppy:m3:1
# text = Cut in uneven layers on purpose.
1	Cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	uneven	uneven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | uneven layers |  | on purpose | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sea was too choppy for the ferry to sail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choppy:x1:1
# text = The sea was too choppy for the ferry to sail.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	choppy	choppy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ferry	ferry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	sail	sail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the sea |  |  |  |  | for the ferry; choppy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sail** | to-infinitive | the sea *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We felt seasick on the choppy water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choppy:x2:1
# text = We felt seasick on the choppy water.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	seasick	seasick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	choppy	choppy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | We |  |  | the choppy water |  | seasick *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lake got choppy when the wind picked up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choppy:x3:1
# text = The lake got choppy when the wind picked up.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	choppy	choppy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	picked	pick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the lake |  |  |  |  | choppy *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **pick up** | participle | the wind |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your paragraph is a bit choppy; join some sentences together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choppy:x4:1
# text = Your paragraph is a bit choppy; join some sentences together.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	choppy	choppy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	join	join	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	sentences	sentence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	together	together	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Your paragraph |  |  |  |  | a bit *obl:unmarked*; choppy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **join** | infinitive | Your paragraph *not said here* | some sentences |  |  |  | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sentence=Patient |
| 3 | **paragraph** |  | Your |  |  |  |  |  | nom paragraph «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The video was choppy because the internet was slow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choppy:x5:1
# text = The video was choppy because the internet was slow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	choppy	choppy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the video |  |  |  |  | choppy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the internet |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has a short, choppy haircut.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:choppy:x6:1
# text = She has a short, choppy haircut.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	choppy	choppy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	haircut	haircut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | a short choppy haircut |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent haircut=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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