---
title: chronicle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chronicle» in the school dictionary: A chronicle is a written record of events in the order they happened. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chronicle/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / chronicle

# chronicle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** chronicle, events, Chronicles, Old Testament, monks, Her · **What happens:** write, be, happen, mean, record, chronicle · **To what, where:** written record, order, events, common name, Narnia, books · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«chronicle» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chronicle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chronicle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chronicle is a written record of events in the order they happened.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chronicle:m1:1
# text = A chronicle is a written record of events in the order they happened.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chronicle	chronicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	record	record	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a chronicle | a written record |  |  |  | of events in the order | tree rules |
| 3 | **happen** | past | events *= event* | the order *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chronicle means to record events in order.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chronicle:m2:1
# text = To chronicle means to record events in order.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chronicle	chronicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	record	record	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | chronicle |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **record** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | chronicle *not said here* | events |  | order |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent event=Theme in order=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Chronicle» is a common name for newspapers and story series (The Chronicles of Narnia).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chronicle:m3:1
# text = «Chronicle» is a common name for newspapers and story series (The Chronicles of Narnia).
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Chronicle	Chronicle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Chronicles	chronicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Narnia	Narnia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Chronicle | a common name |  |  |  | for newspapers and story series | tree rules |
| 2 | **chronicle** |  |  | Narnia |  |  |  |  | nom chronicle «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chronicles (1 and 2 Chronicles) are books of the Old Testament that tell the history of the kings of Israel and Judah.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chronicle:m4:1
# text = Chronicles (1 and 2 Chronicles) are books of the Old Testament that tell the history of the kings of Israel and Judah.
1	Chronicles	chronicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	_
6	Chronicles	chronicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Testament	testament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	tell	tell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Chronicles | books |  |  |  | of the Old Testament | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the Old Testament | the history of the kings of Israel and Judah |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent history=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monks kept a chronicle of every battle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chronicle:x1:1
# text = The monks kept a chronicle of every battle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chronicle	chronicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the monks | a chronicle of every battle |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chronicle=Theme |
| 2 | **chronicle** |  |  | every battle |  |  |  |  | nom chronicle «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her diary chronicles a year at sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chronicle:x2:1
# text = Her diary chronicles a year at sea.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	diary	diary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chronicles	chronicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chronicle** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom chronicle «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm reading The Chronicles of Narnia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chronicle:x3:1
# text = I'm reading The Chronicles of Narnia.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	reading	read	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Chronicles	chronicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Narnia	Narnia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present · progressive | I | the Chronicles of Narnia |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chronicle=Topic |
| 2 | **chronicle** |  |  | Narnia |  |  |  |  | nom chronicle «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The book of Chronicles is in the Old Testament.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chronicle:x4:1
# text = The book of Chronicles is in the Old Testament.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Chronicles	chronicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Testament	Testament	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the book of Chronicles |  |  | the Old Testament |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film chronicles the life of a famous footballer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chronicle:x5:1
# text = The film chronicles the life of a famous footballer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chronicles	chronicle	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	footballer	footballer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chronicle** | present | the film | the life of a famous footballer |  |  |  |  | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town newspaper is called the Chronicle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chronicle:x6:1
# text = The town newspaper is called the Chronicle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Chronicle	Chronicle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the town newspaper |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [chronic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chronic/)
- next →: [chronological](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/chronological/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)