---
title: chuck — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chuck» in the school dictionary: To chuck something is to throw it, often casually. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chuck

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sickie, work, U ey, chuck, drill, you · **What happens:** chuck, be, chuck out, chuck in, quit, pretend · **To what, where:** something, bin, it, boyfriend, part, friendly word · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«chuck» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chuck in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chuck.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chuck something is to throw it, often casually.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:m1:1
# text = To chuck something is to throw it, often casually.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chuck	chuck	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	throw	throw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	casually	casually	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chuck** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | casually, throw *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chuck something out or away is to throw it in the bin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:m2:1
# text = To chuck something out or away is to throw it in the bin.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chuck	chuck	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	throw	throw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bin	bin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chuck out** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the bin |  | throw *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chuck something in or chuck it is to give it up or quit.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:m3:1
# text = To chuck something in or chuck it is to give it up or quit.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chuck	chuck	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	chuck	chuck	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	quit	quit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chuck in** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **chuck** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | give *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **quit** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chuck a boyfriend or girlfriend is to end the relationship with them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:m4:1
# text = To chuck a boyfriend or girlfriend is to end the relationship with them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chuck	chuck	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	end	end	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chuck** | to-infinitive |  | a boyfriend or girlfriend |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boyfriend=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | end *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Australia, slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To chuck a sickie is to stay off work pretending to be ill; to chuck a U-ey is to do a U-turn.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:m5:1
# text = To chuck a sickie is to stay off work pretending to be ill; to chuck a U-ey is to do a U-turn.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chuck	chuck	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sickie	sickie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	pretending	pretend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
13	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	chuck	chuck	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	U	U	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	ey	ey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	ccomp	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	U	U	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chuck** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | a sickie |  |  |  |  | stay *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **pretend** | gerund | work *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | to-infinitive | work *not said here* |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **chuck** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **is** | present | a U ey |  |  |  |  | do *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chuck is the part of a drill that holds the bit tight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:m6:1
# text = A chuck is the part of a drill that holds the bit tight.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chuck	chuck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	drill	drill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	_
13	tight	tight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a chuck | the part |  |  |  | of a drill | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | present | a drill |  |  |  |  | tight *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: northern England, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Chuck" is a friendly word for a person, like "love" or "dear".

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:m7:1
# text = "Chuck" is a friendly word for a person, like "love" or "dear".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Chuck	chuck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Chuck | a friendly word |  |  |  | for a person | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chuck me the ball!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:x1:1
# text = Chuck me the ball!
1	Chuck	chuck	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chuck** | imperative | you *not said here* | the ball | me |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Destination ball=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't chuck your rubbish on the ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:x2:1
# text = Don't chuck your rubbish on the ground.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	chuck	chuck	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **chuck** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your rubbish |  | the ground |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent rubbish=Theme on ground=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum chucked out the old shoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:x3:1
# text = Mum chucked out the old shoes.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chucked	chuck	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chuck out** | past | Mum | the old shoes |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's chucking it down, so take a coat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:x4:1
# text = It's chucking it down, so take a coat.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	chucking	chuck	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chuck down** | present · progressive | It | it |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | infinitive |  | a coat |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He chucked in his paper round after a week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:x5:1
# text = He chucked in his paper round after a week.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chucked	chuck	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	round	round	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chuck** | past | He |  |  | his paper | week | round *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent in paper=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brother chucked a wobbly when the TV went off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:x6:1
# text = My brother chucked a wobbly when the TV went off.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chucked	chuck	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wobbly	wobbly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chuck** | past | My brother | a wobbly |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wobbly=Theme |
| 2 | **go off** | past | the TV |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She chucked 5 stones into the pond and then 3 more, so she chucked 8 in all.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:x7:1
# text = She chucked 5 stones into the pond and then 3 more, so she chucked 8 in all.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chucked	chuck	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
10	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	chucked	chuck	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chuck** | past | She | 5 stones |  | the pond |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent stone=Theme into pond=Destination |
| 2 | **chuck** | past | she | 8 |  | all |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent 8=Theme in all=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tighten the chuck before you start drilling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:x8:1
# text = Tighten the chuck before you start drilling.
1	Tighten	tighten	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	chuck	chuck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	drilling	drill	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tighten** | imperative | you *not said here* | the chuck |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent chuck=Patient |
| 2 | **start** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **drill** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Ta, chuck," said the lady at the bus stop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:x9:1
# text = "Ta, chuck," said the lady at the bus stop.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ta	Ta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	chuck	chuck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ta and chuck |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“But I shouldn't have minded all that if it hadn't been for that little fellow on top of the house, who kept a-hollering, 'Chuck him up to me-e!

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chuck:x10:1
# text = “But I shouldn't have minded all that if it hadn't been for that little fellow on top of the house, who kept a-hollering, 'Chuck him up to me-e!
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
4	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux	_	_
7	minded	mind	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
14	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	cop	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	det	_	_
17	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	fellow	fellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	parataxis	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	hollering	hollering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	Chuck	chuck	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	advcl	_	_
33	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	_
34	up	up	ADP	RP	_	32	compound:prt	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	e	e	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mind** *in a quote* | should · perfect | I | it |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  | top of the house |  | for that little fellow | tree rules |
| 4 | **keep** *in a quote* | past | that little fellow | a hollering |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hollering=Theme |
| 5 | **chuck up** *in a quote* | infinitive | that little fellow *not said here* | him *= he* | me |  |  | e *obl* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent he=Theme to i=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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