---
title: chunk — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «chunk» in the school dictionary: A thick, solid piece of something (a chunk of cheese). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# chunk

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way, He, We, you, chunk · **What happens:** amount, break, chunk, be, divide, take away · **To what, where:** something, chunks, maths, way, groups, chunk

<!-- .vabout -->
«chunk» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [chunk in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/chunk.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A thick, solid piece of something (a chunk of cheese).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chunk:m1:1
# text = A thick, solid piece of something (a chunk of cheese).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	chunk	chunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large part or amount of something (a chunk of time).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chunk:m2:1
# text = A large part or amount of something (a chunk of time).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	chunk	chunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **amount** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To break something into chunks or smaller parts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chunk:m3:1
# text = To break something into chunks or smaller parts.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	break	break	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	chunks	chunk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | into chunks or smaller parts *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent something=Patient into chunk=Result |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In maths, chunking is a way of dividing by taking away groups.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chunk:m4:1
# text = In maths, chunking is a way of dividing by taking away groups.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	chunking	chunk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	dividing	divide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
12	away	away	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chunk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | in maths *goal* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in math=Goal |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **divide** | gerund | a way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **take away** | gerund | a way *not said here* | groups |  |  |  | away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He broke off a chunk of chocolate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chunk:x1:1
# text = He broke off a chunk of chocolate.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chunk	chunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break off** | past | He | a chunk of chocolate |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer chunk=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We spent a big chunk of the day at the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chunk:x2:1
# text = We spent a big chunk of the day at the beach.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	chunk	chunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | We | a big chunk of the day |  | the beach |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chunk=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chop the carrots into chunks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chunk:x3:1
# text = Chop the carrots into chunks.
1	Chop	chop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	chunks	chunk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chop** | imperative | you *not said here* | the carrots |  |  |  | into chunks *result* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent carrot=Patient into chunk=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chunk long words into syllables to read them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chunk:x4:1
# text = Chunk long words into syllables to read them.
1	Chunk	chunk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	syllables	syllable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chunk** | imperative | you *not said here* | long words |  |  |  | into syllables *goal* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent word=Theme into syllable=Goal |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | words *= word* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use chunking to divide 96 by 8.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chunk:x5:1
# text = Use chunking to divide 96 by 8.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	chunking	chunk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	divide	divide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	96	96	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **chunk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **divide** | to-infinitive |  | 96 |  |  |  | by 8 | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent 96=Theme by 8=Co-Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chunk of ice fell from the roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chunk:x6:1
# text = A chunk of ice fell from the roof.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chunk	chunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | a chunk of ice |  |  | the roof |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from roof=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Slipping a long thin blade from out his belt, he cut large chunks of choice meat.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:chunk:x7:1
# text = Slipping a long thin blade from out his belt, he cut large chunks of choice meat.
1	Slipping	slip	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	chunks	chunk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	choice	choice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slip out** | gerund | he *not said here* | a long thin blade |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent blade=Destination belt=Theme |
| 2 | **cut** | past | he | large chunks of choice meat |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chunk=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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