---
title: churchyard — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «churchyard» in the school dictionary: The land around a church, often with a graveyard where people are buried. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# churchyard

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old yew tree, We, children, Snowdrops · **What happens:** bury, stand, read, walk, cover, grow · **To what, where:** people, churchyard, names, gravestones, great grandparents, village churchyard

<!-- .vabout -->
«churchyard» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [churchyard in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/churchyard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The land around a church, often with a graveyard where people are buried.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:churchyard:m1:1
# text = The land around a church, often with a graveyard where people are buried.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	around	around	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bury** | present · passive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: in stories — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A quiet, sometimes spooky place with gravestones, trees and old walls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:churchyard:m2:1
# text = A quiet, sometimes spooky place with gravestones, trees and old walls.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
5	spooky	spooky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	gravestones	gravestone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old yew tree stands in the churchyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:churchyard:x1:1
# text = The old yew tree stands in the churchyard.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	yew	yew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	churchyard	churchyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | the old yew tree |  |  | the churchyard |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in churchyard=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read the names on the gravestones in the churchyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:churchyard:x2:1
# text = We read the names on the gravestones in the churchyard.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gravestones	gravestone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	churchyard	churchyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | the names |  | the gravestones in the churchyard |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My great-grandparents are buried in the village churchyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:churchyard:x3:1
# text = My great-grandparents are buried in the village churchyard.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	grandparents	grandparent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	churchyard	churchyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bury** | present · passive |  | My great grandparents |  | the village churchyard |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in churchyard=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children walked past the dark churchyard at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:churchyard:x4:1
# text = The children walked past the dark churchyard at night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	past	past	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	churchyard	churchyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | the children |  |  | the dark churchyard | night |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme past churchyard=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The churchyard wall is covered in moss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:churchyard:x5:1
# text = The churchyard wall is covered in moss.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	churchyard	churchyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	moss	moss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | the churchyard wall |  |  |  | in moss | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in moss=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Snowdrops grow in the churchyard in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:churchyard:x6:1
# text = Snowdrops grow in the churchyard in winter.
1	Snowdrops	snowdrop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	churchyard	churchyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Snowdrops |  |  | the churchyard | winter |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in churchyard=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now we are in the churchyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:churchyard:x7:1
# text = Now we are in the churchyard.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	churchyard	churchyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | we |  |  | the churchyard | now |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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