---
title: churl — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «churl» in the school dictionary: A rude, mean, rough man who is unkind and will not do what is fair or good. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# churl

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**Who acts:** rude mean rough man, churl, Jack, you · **What happens:** be, not do, not pay, owe, say, lose · **To what, where:** workers, wages · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«churl» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [churl in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/churl.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rude, mean, rough man who is unkind and will not do what is fair or good.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:churl:m1:1
# text = A rude, mean, rough man who is unkind and will not do what is fair or good.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
15	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	ccomp	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a rude mean rough man |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **do** | future | a rude mean rough man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The churl would not pay the workers what he owed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:churl:x1:1
# text = The churl would not pay the workers what he owed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	churl	churl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	obj	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	owed	owe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pay** | would | the churl | the workers |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent worker=Asset |
| 2 | **owe** | past | churl | the workers |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent what=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Now, Jack," said the Gray Churl, "you must lose a month's wages."

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:churl:x2:1
# text = "Now, Jack," said the Gray Churl, "you must lose a month's wages."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Gray	Gray	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
10	Churl	Churl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	wages	wage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jack |  |  |  | now |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lose** *in a quote* | must | you | a month's wages |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wage=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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