---
title: cider — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cider» in the school dictionary: An alcoholic drink made from the juice of crushed apples, a bit like beer in strength. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cider

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** juice, We, cider, uncle, farmer, Yeast · **What happens:** make, crush, not filter, drink, have, call · **To what, where:** alcoholic drink, juice, Cloudy apple juice, alcohol, hard cider, hot apple cider · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cider» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cider in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cider.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An alcoholic drink made from the juice of crushed apples, a bit like beer in strength.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cider:m1:1
# text = An alcoholic drink made from the juice of crushed apples, a bit like beer in strength.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	alcoholic	alcoholic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	crushed	crush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	beer	beer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a alcoholic drink *not said here* |  | the juice of crushed apples and a bit like beer in strength |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from juice=Material |
| 2 | **crush** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: USA, Canada — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cloudy apple juice that has not been filtered, often drunk hot in autumn; it has no alcohol unless called «hard cider».

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cider:m2:1
# text = Cloudy apple juice that has not been filtered, often drunk hot in autumn; it has no alcohol unless called «hard cider».
1	Cloudy	cloudy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	filtered	filter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	drunk	drink	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
12	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
18	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	19	det	_	_
19	alcohol	alcohol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	unless	unless	SCONJ	IN	_	17	obj	_	_
21	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	cider	cider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **filter** | present · perfect · passive |  | Cloudy apple juice |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: subject=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **drink** | participle |  |  |  |  | autumn | hot, often *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** | present | juice | no alcohol |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **call** | participle |  | hard cider |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A glass or bottle of this drink: «two ciders».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cider:m3:1
# text = A glass or bottle of this drink: «two ciders».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	ciders	cider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drank hot apple cider at the pumpkin patch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cider:x1:1
# text = We drank hot apple cider at the pumpkin patch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drank	drink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	cider	cider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	pumpkin	pumpkin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	patch	patch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | past | We | hot apple cider |  | the pumpkin patch |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cider=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Canada, cider at the farm stand is just thick apple juice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cider:x2:1
# text = In Canada, cider at the farm stand is just thick apple juice.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	cider	cider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	stand	stand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
10	just	just	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | cider at the farm stand | thick apple juice |  | Canada |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle ordered a pint of cider at the pub.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cider:x3:1
# text = My uncle ordered a pint of cider at the pub.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pint	pint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cider	cider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pub	pub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **order** | past | My uncle | a pint of cider |  | the pub |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent pint=Theme at pub=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cider is for grown-ups in England because it contains alcohol.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cider:x4:1
# text = Cider is for grown-ups in England because it contains alcohol.
1	Cider	cider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	alcohol	alcohol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Cider |  |  | England |  | for grown ups | tree rules |
| 3 | **contain** | present | Cider | alcohol |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot alcohol=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer put the apples into the cider press.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cider:x5:1
# text = The farmer put the apples into the cider press.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cider	cider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	press	press	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | the farmer | the apples |  | the cider press |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent apple=Goal |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yeast turns the sugar in apple juice into alcohol, and that is how cider is made.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cider:x6:1
# text = Yeast turns the sugar in apple juice into alcohol, and that is how cider is made.
1	Yeast	yeast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	alcohol	alcohol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	obl	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
14	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
15	cider	cider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Yeast | the sugar |  |  |  | into alcohol; in apple juice | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient in juice=Topic into alcohol=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present · passive |  | cider |  |  |  | that *obl*; make *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum puts a splash of apple cider vinegar in the salad dressing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cider:x7:1
# text = Mum puts a splash of apple cider vinegar in the salad dressing.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	splash	splash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	cider	cider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	vinegar	vinegar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	dressing	dressing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present | Mum | a splash of apple cider vinegar in the salad dressing |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent splash=Goal |
| 2 | **splash** |  | apple cider vinegar in the salad dressing |  |  |  |  |  | nom splash «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The orchard smelt of apples and cider.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cider:x8:1
# text = The orchard smelt of apples and cider.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	orchard	orchard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	smelt	smelt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cider	cider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which do you like, canary, St. Julien, champagne, hermitage sack, raisin, or cider?’

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cider:x9:1
# text = Which do you like, canary, St. Julien, champagne, hermitage sack, raisin, or cider?’
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	obj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	canary	canary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	St.	St.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:desc	_	_
9	Julien	Julien	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	champagne	champagne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	hermitage	hermitage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	raisin	raisin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	cider	cider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present · do-support | you | Julien  St. and champagne and raisin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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