---
title: circadian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «circadian» in the school dictionary: To do with the body's natural daily clock, a cycle of about 24 hours that controls when we sleep, wake and feel hungry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# circadian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** 24 hours, we, circadian rhythm, Jet lag, circadian clock, Bright screens · **What happens:** do, control, sleep, wake, feel, tell · **To what, where:** you, circadian rhythm, Teenagers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«circadian» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [circadian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/circadian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with the body's natural daily clock, a cycle of about 24 hours that controls when we sleep, wake and feel hungry.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circadian:m1:1
# text = To do with the body's natural daily clock, a cycle of about 24 hours that controls when we sleep, wake and feel hungry.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	daily	daily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	about	about	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	24	24	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	controls	control	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	21	mark	_	_
20	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	wake	wake	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
26	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the body's natural daily clock | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **control** | present | 24 hours |  |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sleep** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **wake** | present | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **feel** | present | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hungry *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your circadian rhythm tells you when to sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circadian:x1:1
# text = Your circadian rhythm tells you when to sleep.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	circadian	circadian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | Your circadian rhythm |  | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sleep** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Your circadian rhythm *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jet lag happens when your circadian clock is out of step with local time.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circadian:x2:1
# text = Jet lag happens when your circadian clock is out of step with local time.
1	Jet	jet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	lag	lag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	circadian	circadian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | Jet lag |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | your circadian clock |  |  |  | time | out step | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bright screens at night can confuse your circadian rhythm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circadian:x3:1
# text = Bright screens at night can confuse your circadian rhythm.
1	Bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	screens	screen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	confuse	confuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	circadian	circadian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confuse** | can | Bright screens at night | your circadian rhythm |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rhythm=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flowers that open in the morning follow a circadian rhythm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circadian:x4:1
# text = Flowers that open in the morning follow a circadian rhythm.
1	Flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	open	open	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	follow	follow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	circadian	circadian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | present | Flowers |  |  |  | morning |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **follow** | present | Flowers | a circadian rhythm |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rhythm=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Teenagers' circadian rhythms make them sleepy later at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circadian:x5:1
# text = Teenagers' circadian rhythms make them sleepy later at night.
1	Teenagers	teenager	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	circadian	circadian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	rhythms	rhythm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
8	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Teenagers's circadian rhythms | Teenagers *= teenager* |  |  | night | late, sleepy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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