---
title: circuit — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «circuit» in the school dictionary: An electrical circuit is a complete loop of wires and parts that electricity flows round, from the power source and back again. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# circuit

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** electrical circuit, that, circuit, route, you, bulb · **What happens:** be, flow, go round, go, light up, draw · **To what, where:** complete loop, route, loop, one trip, training exercise, set

<!-- .vabout -->
«circuit» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [circuit in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/circuit.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An electrical circuit is a complete loop of wires and parts that electricity flows round, from the power source and back again.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circuit:m1:1
# text = An electrical circuit is a complete loop of wires and parts that electricity flows round, from the power source and back again.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	electrical	electrical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	wires	wire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
13	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
15	round	round	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	back	back	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	again	again	ADV	RB	_	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a electrical circuit | a complete loop |  |  |  | of wires and parts | tree rules |
| 2 | **flow** | present | that |  |  |  |  | round *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A circuit is a route or track that goes round in a loop, like a racing circuit.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circuit:m2:1
# text = A circuit is a route or track that goes round in a loop, like a racing circuit.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	round	round	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	racing	racing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a circuit | a route or track |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go round** | present | a route or track |  |  | a loop |  | like a racing circuit; round *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in loop=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A circuit is one trip round such a loop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circuit:m3:1
# text = A circuit is one trip round such a loop.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	round	round	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	9	det:predet	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a circuit | one trip |  |  |  | round such loop | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Circuit training is exercise where you go round a set of different activities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circuit:m4:1
# text = Circuit training is exercise where you go round a set of different activities.
1	Circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	7	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	round	round	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	activities	activity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | training exercise |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | you |  |  | a set of different activities |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme round set=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bulb lights up only when the circuit is complete.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circuit:x1:1
# text = The bulb lights up only when the circuit is complete.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lights	light	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **light up** | present | the bulb |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the circuit |  |  |  |  | complete *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw a circuit diagram with a cell, a switch and a bulb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circuit:x2:1
# text = Draw a circuit diagram with a cell, a switch and a bulb.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	diagram	diagram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cell	cell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	switch	switch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | a circuit diagram |  |  |  | with a cell and a switch and a bulb | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent diagram=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you open the switch, the circuit is broken.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circuit:x3:1
# text = If you open the switch, the circuit is broken.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	open	open	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	switch	switch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | the switch |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location switch=Theme |
| 2 | **break** | present · passive |  | the circuit |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We ran three circuits of the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circuit:x4:1
# text = We ran three circuits of the field.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	circuits	circuit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | We | three circuits of the field |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme circuit=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The racing cars sped round the circuit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circuit:x5:1
# text = The racing cars sped round the circuit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	racing	racing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sped	speed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	round	round	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speed** | participle | the racing cars |  |  | the circuit |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round circuit=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In PE we did circuit training.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circuit:x6:1
# text = In PE we did circuit training.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	PE	pe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	circuit	circuit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **circuit** | past · do-support | we | training |  | PE |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short circuit can start a fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circuit:x7:1
# text = A short circuit can start a fire.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | can | a short circuit | a fire |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never make circuits with mains electricity; only use batteries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circuit:x8:1
# text = Never make circuits with mains electricity; only use batteries.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	circuits	circuit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	mains	main	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	compound	_	_
6	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	batteries	battery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | circuits |  |  |  | with mains electricity | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset circuit=Product |
| 2 | **use** | infinitive | you *not said here* | batteries |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battery=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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