---
title: circulation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «circulation» in the school dictionary: Circulation is the movement of blood around your body, pumped by the heart. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# circulation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Circulation, Exercise, your, heart, you, old coins · **What happens:** be, pump, circulate, open, have, go · **To what, where:** movement, Circulation movement, place, passing, circulation, newspaper · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«circulation» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [circulation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/circulation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Circulation is the movement of blood around your body, pumped by the heart.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circulation:m1:1
# text = Circulation is the movement of blood around your body, pumped by the heart.
1	Circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	around	around	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	pumped	pump	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Circulation | the movement |  |  |  | of blood around your body | tree rules |
| 2 | **pump** | participle |  | the movement *not said here* |  |  |  | by the heart | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme by heart=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Circulation is movement of air or water around a place: «good air circulation».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circulation:m2:1
# text = Circulation is movement of air or water around a place: «good air circulation».
1	Circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	around	around	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Circulation movement |  | a place |  | of air or water | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Circulation is the passing of something from person to person: «coins in circulation».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circulation:m3:1
# text = Circulation is the passing of something from person to person: «coins in circulation».
1	Circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	passing	passing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Circulation | the passing |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The circulation of a newspaper or magazine is how many copies are sold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circulation:m4:1
# text = The circulation of a newspaper or magazine is how many copies are sold.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	magazine	magazine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
9	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · passive |  | the circulation of a newspaper or magazine |  |  |  | sell *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **circulate** |  |  | a newspaper or magazine |  |  |  |  | nom circulation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exercise is good for your circulation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circulation:x1:1
# text = Exercise is good for your circulation.
1	Exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Exercise |  |  |  |  | for your circulation; good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **circulate** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom circulation «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heart pumps blood for circulation around the body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circulation:x2:1
# text = The heart pumps blood for circulation around the body.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pumps	pump	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	around	around	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pump** | present | the heart | blood |  | the body |  | for circulation | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent blood=Theme around body=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Open the window for better air circulation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circulation:x3:1
# text = Open the window for better air circulation.
1	Open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | imperative | you *not said here* | the window |  |  |  | for better air circulation | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
These old coins are no longer in circulation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circulation:x4:1
# text = These old coins are no longer in circulation.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	no	no	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this old coins |  |  | circulation |  | long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newspaper has a circulation of fifty thousand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circulation:x5:1
# text = The newspaper has a circulation of fifty thousand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	compound	_	_
8	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the newspaper | a circulation of fifty thousand |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circulation=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My toes went numb because of poor circulation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circulation:x6:1
# text = My toes went numb because of poor circulation.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	numb	numb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | My toes |  |  |  |  | because poor circulation; numb *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nevertheless, it is told upon the plantations with great gusto, and there are several versions in circulation.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circulation:x7:1
# text = Nevertheless, it is told upon the plantations with great gusto, and there are several versions in circulation.
1	Nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	plantations	plantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	gusto	gusto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	15	expl	_	_
15	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	versions	version	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | it |  |  |  | upon the plantations with great gusto; nevertheless *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **does** | present | several versions |  |  | circulation; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in circulation=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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