---
title: circumference — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «circumference» in the school dictionary: The distance all the way around the edge of a circle; the perimeter of a circle. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/circumference/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / circumference

# circumference

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** circumference, circle, you, ring, rays · **What happens:** be, have, measure, wrap, find, calculate · **To what, where:** distance, circle, circumference, 40,000 kilometres, string, tin

<!-- .vabout -->
«circumference» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [circumference in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/circumference.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The distance all the way around the edge of a circle; the perimeter of a circle.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumference:m1:1
# text = The distance all the way around the edge of a circle; the perimeter of a circle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	perimeter	perimeter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The distance around anything round: the circumference of a tree trunk, of the Earth.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumference:m2:1
# text = The distance around anything round: the circumference of a tree trunk, of the Earth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	around	around	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	round	round	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	circumference	circumference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The edge or boundary of a round area.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumference:m3:1
# text = The edge or boundary of a round area.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	boundary	boundary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The circumference is the distance around a circle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumference:x1:1
# text = The circumference is the distance around a circle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	circumference	circumference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the circumference | the distance |  | a circle |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A circle with a diameter of 10 cm has a circumference of about 31.4 cm.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumference:x2:1
# text = A circle with a diameter of 10 cm has a circumference of about 31.4 cm.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	diameter	diameter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	circumference	circumference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	about	about	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	31.4	31.4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a circle with a diameter of 10 cm | a circumference of 31.4 cm |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circumference=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Measure the circumference of a tree with a tape measure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumference:x3:1
# text = Measure the circumference of a tree with a tape measure.
1	Measure	measure	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	circumference	circumference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	tape	tape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	measure	measure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | imperative | you *not said here* | the circumference of a tree |  |  |  | with a tape measure | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme circumference=Value |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth's circumference is about 40,000 kilometres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumference:x4:1
# text = The Earth's circumference is about 40,000 kilometres.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	circumference	circumference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	40,000	40000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Earth's circumference | 40,000 kilometres |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wrap a string around the tin to find its circumference.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumference:x5:1
# text = Wrap a string around the tin to find its circumference.
1	Wrap	wrap	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	string	string	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	circumference	circumference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrap** | imperative | you *not said here* | a string |  | the tin |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent string=Theme around tin=Destination |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | tin's circumference |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circumference=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) Calculate the circumference given a radius of 7 cm (about 44 cm).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumference:x6:1
# text = (formal) Calculate the circumference given a radius of 7 cm (about 44 cm).
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Calculate	calculate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	circumference	circumference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	radius	radius	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	about	about	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	44	44	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **calculate** | imperative | you *not said here* | the circumference |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | participle | the circumference *not said here* | a radius of 7 cm |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent radius=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its ring was broad, and from its circumference the rays shot like whirling shafts of fire across the whole sky, flashing in changing radiance from green to red.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumference:x7:1
# text = Its ring was broad, and from its circumference the rays shot like whirling shafts of fire across the whole sky, flashing in changing radiance from green to red.
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	broad	broad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	circumference	circumference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	whirling	whirl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
15	shafts	shaft	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	across	across	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	flashing	flash	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
24	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
25	changing	change	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
26	radiance	radiance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	from	from	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	obl	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Its ring |  |  |  |  | broad *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **shoot** | past | the rays |  |  | ring's circumference |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from circumference=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **whirl** | gerund | the rays *not said here* | shafts of fire |  | the whole sky |  |  | vn coil-9.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shaft=Theme across sky=Destination |
| 4 | **flash** | gerund | the rays *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **change** | gerund | the rays *not said here* | radiance |  | green |  | to red | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [circulatory](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/circulatory/)
- next →: [circumflex](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/circumflex/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)