---
title: circumscribed — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «circumscribed» in the school dictionary: Limited or restricted: «a circumscribed life» is one with narrow limits. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# circumscribed

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** circumscribed life, shape, circumscribed circle, teacher, strict rules, girls · **What happens:** restrict, circumscribe, be, draw, touch, pass · **To what, where:** one, shape, it, corner, circle, freedom

<!-- .vabout -->
«circumscribed» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [circumscribed in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/circumscribed.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Limited or restricted: «a circumscribed life» is one with narrow limits.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumscribed:m1:1
# text = Limited or restricted: «a circumscribed life» is one with narrow limits.
1	Limited	limited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	restricted	restrict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	circumscribed	circumscribe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	1	parataxis	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	limits	limit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **restrict** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer |
| 2 | **circumscribe** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | a circumscribed life | one |  |  |  | with narrow limits | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drawn around a shape so that it touches it: a circumscribed circle passes through every corner of a triangle or polygon.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumscribed:m2:1
# text = Drawn around a shape so that it touches it: a circumscribed circle passes through every corner of a triangle or polygon.
1	Drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
2	around	around	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	8	mark	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	touches	touch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	circumscribed	circumscribe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	through	through	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
17	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	triangle	triangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	polygon	polygon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | participle | shape *not said here* |  |  | a shape |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **touch** | present | shape | it |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **circumscribe** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **pass** | present | a circumscribed circle |  |  | every corner of a triangle or polygon |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through corner=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher drew a circle circumscribed about the triangle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumscribed:x1:1
# text = The teacher drew a circle circumscribed about the triangle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	circumscribed	circumscribe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	triangle	triangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | the teacher | a circle |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circle=Theme |
| 2 | **circumscribe** | participle |  | a circle *not said here* |  |  |  | about the triangle | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A circumscribed circle touches every corner of the square.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumscribed:x2:1
# text = A circumscribed circle touches every corner of the square.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	circumscribed	circumscribe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	touches	touch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **circumscribe** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **touch** | present | a circumscribed circle | every corner of the square |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme corner=Co-Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her freedom was circumscribed by strict rules.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumscribed:x3:1
# text = Her freedom was circumscribed by strict rules.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	circumscribed	circumscribe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	strict	strict	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **circumscribe** | past · passive | strict rules | Her freedom |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old days girls lived very circumscribed lives.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumscribed:x4:1
# text = In the old days girls lived very circumscribed lives.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
5	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	circumscribed	circumscribed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | girls | circumscribed lives |  |  | day |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king's power was circumscribed by the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumscribed:x5:1
# text = The king's power was circumscribed by the law.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	circumscribed	circumscribe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **circumscribe** | past · passive | the law | the king's power |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw the circle that circumscribes the regular hexagon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:circumscribed:x6:1
# text = Draw the circle that circumscribes the regular hexagon.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	circumscribes	circumscribe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hexagon	hexagon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | the circle |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circle=Theme |
| 2 | **circumscribe** | present | the circle | the regular hexagon |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hexagon=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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