---
title: cite — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cite» in the school dictionary: To cite something is to mention it as an example or reason. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cite

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, your, She, judge, report · **What happens:** cite, be, get, quote, inform, remember · **To what, where:** something, book, information, someone, court case, websites

<!-- .vabout -->
«cite» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cite in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cite.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cite something is to mention it as an example or reason.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cite:m1:1
# text = To cite something is to mention it as an example or reason.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cite	cite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	mention	mention	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cite** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | as a example or reason; mention *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cite a book or website is to name it as where you got your information or to quote from it.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cite:m2:1
# text = To cite a book or website is to name it as where you got your information or to quote from it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cite	cite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	name	name	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
15	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	quote	quote	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cite** | to-infinitive |  | a book or website |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | name *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **get** | past | you | your information |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer information=Stimulus |
| 4 | **quote** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | information |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **inform** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom information «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cite someone is to name them officially in a court case.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cite:m3:1
# text = To cite someone is to name them officially in a court case.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cite	cite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	name	name	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	officially	officially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cite** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | a court case |  | name, officially *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Remember to cite the websites you used.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cite:x1:1
# text = Remember to cite the websites you used.
1	Remember	remember	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	cite	cite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	websites	website	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **cite** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the websites |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent website=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | past | you | the websites *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent website=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She cited three reasons for wanting a dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cite:x2:1
# text = She cited three reasons for wanting a dog.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cited	cite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	reasons	reason	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	wanting	want	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cite** | past | She | three reasons |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **want** | gerund | She *not said here* | a dog |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot dog=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge cited an earlier case.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cite:x3:1
# text = The judge cited an earlier case.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cited	cite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cite** | past | the judge | a earlier case |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The report cites a study about sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cite:x4:1
# text = The report cites a study about sleep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cites	cite	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cite** | present | the report | a study |  |  |  | about sleep | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent study=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you cite an example from the text?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cite:x5:1
# text = Can you cite an example from the text?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cite	cite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cite** | can | you | a example |  | the text |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent example=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was cited for bravery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cite:x6:1
# text = He was cited for bravery.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	cited	cite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cite** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  | for bravery | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for bravery=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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