---
title: citizen — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «citizen» in the school dictionary: A citizen is a person who legally belongs to a country and has its rights and duties. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# citizen

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** citizen, person, She, Good citizens, citizens, Senior citizens · **What happens:** be, belong, have, live, become, look · **To what, where:** person, rights, town, Australian citizen, cheaper bus tickets, good citizen · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«citizen» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [citizen in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/citizen.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A citizen is a person who legally belongs to a country and has its rights and duties.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citizen:m1:1
# text = A citizen is a person who legally belongs to a country and has its rights and duties.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	citizen	citizen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	legally	legally	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	rights	right	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	duties	duty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a citizen | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **belong** | present |  | a person |  |  |  | to a country; legally *property* | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | present |  | citizen's rights and duties |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A citizen is a person who lives in a town or city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citizen:m2:1
# text = A citizen is a person who lives in a town or city.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	citizen	citizen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a citizen | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | a person |  |  | a town or city |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in town=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She became an Australian citizen last year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citizen:x1:1
# text = She became an Australian citizen last year.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	citizen	citizen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
6	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | She | a Australian citizen  last year |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good citizens look after their community.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citizen:x2:1
# text = Good citizens look after their community.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | Good citizens |  |  |  | after citizens's community |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All citizens over 18 can vote.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citizen:x3:1
# text = All citizens over 18 can vote.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	vote	vote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vote** | can | all citizens over 18 |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Senior citizens get cheaper bus tickets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citizen:x4:1
# text = Senior citizens get cheaper bus tickets.
1	Senior	senior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
5	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | Senior citizens | cheaper bus tickets |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ticket=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The citizens of the town planted trees in the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citizen:x5:1
# text = The citizens of the town planted trees in the park.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	planted	plant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plant** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being a good citizen means helping others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citizen:x6:1
# text = Being a good citizen means helping others.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	citizen	citizen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	csubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	helping	help	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | gerund |  | a good citizen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **help** *not said to happen* | gerund |  | others |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"You are a citizen of illustrious Athens, are you not?" asked the Dolphin politely.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citizen:x7:1
# text = "You are a citizen of illustrious Athens, are you not?" asked the Dolphin politely.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	citizen	citizen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	illustrious	illustrious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
15	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Dolphin	Dolphin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	politely	politely	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | You | a citizen |  |  |  | of illustrious Athens | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **be** *speech: ask* | present | you |  |  |  |  | ask, politely *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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