---
title: citron — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «citron» in the school dictionary: A large, lemon-like citrus fruit with a very thick, bumpy rind, often candied and used in cakes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# citron

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** citron, Candied citron peel, Jewish families, I, dark, great yellow citrons · **What happens:** candy, use, mean, look, go, have · **To what, where:** cakes, lemon, big lumpy lemon, fruit cake, thick rind, citron · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«citron» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [citron in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/citron.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large, lemon-like citrus fruit with a very thick, bumpy rind, often candied and used in cakes.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citron:m1:1
# text = A large, lemon-like citrus fruit with a very thick, bumpy rind, often candied and used in cakes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	citrus	citrus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	rind	rind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	often	often	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	candied	candy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **candy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | cakes |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«citron» means «lemon» in French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citron:m2:1
# text = «citron» means «lemon» in French.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	citron	citron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | citron | lemon |  |  |  | in French | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot lemon=Theme in french=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A citron looks like a big, lumpy lemon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citron:x1:1
# text = A citron looks like a big, lumpy lemon.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	citron	citron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	discourse	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	lumpy	lumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | a citron | a big lumpy lemon |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Candied citron peel goes into fruit cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citron:x2:1
# text = Candied citron peel goes into fruit cake.
1	Candied	candy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
2	citron	citron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	peel	peel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **candy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | Candied citron peel |  |  | fruit cake |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into cake=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A citron has a very thick rind and little juice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citron:x3:1
# text = A citron has a very thick rind and little juice.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	citron	citron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rind	rind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a citron | a thick rind and little juice |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rind=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At Sukkot, Jewish families hold a citron called an etrog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citron:x4:1
# text = At Sukkot, Jewish families hold a citron called an etrog.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Sukkot	Sukkot	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	citron	citron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	etrog	etrog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | Jewish families | a citron |  | Sukkot |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent citron=Theme at sukkot=Location |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a citron *not said here* | a etrog |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent etrog=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Paris I ordered a «citron pressé», which is lemon juice with water.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citron:x5:1
# text = In Paris I ordered a «citron pressé», which is lemon juice with water.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Paris	Paris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	citron	citron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	pressé	pressé	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	7	flat:foreign	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **order** | past | I | a citron and lemon juice |  | Paris |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent citron=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a citron and lemon juice | lemon juice |  |  |  | with water | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The citron is one of the ancestors of the lemon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citron:x6:1
# text = The citron is one of the ancestors of the lemon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	citron	citron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the citron | one |  |  |  | of the ancestors of the lemon | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The great yellow citrons hung down among the dark shining leaves, and covered a part of the old reddish-yellow walls.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:citron:x7:1
# text = The great yellow citrons hung down among the dark shining leaves, and covered a part of the old reddish-yellow walls.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	citrons	citron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
5	hung	hang	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	among	among	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
19	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
20	reddish	reddish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang down** | participle |  | the great yellow citrons *not said here* |  | the dark |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent among dark=Location |
| 2 | **shine** | gerund | the dark *not said here* | leaves |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme |
| 3 | **cover** | past | the great yellow citrons | a part of the old yellow walls |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme part=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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