---
title: civilian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «civilian» in the school dictionary: A person who is not in the army, navy, air force or police. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# civilian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, soldier, Grandad, Rules, war, police officer · **What happens:** not be, do, evacuate, change, go back, say · **To what, where:** army, Many civilians, cities, civilian clothes, civilians, off duty · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«civilian» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [civilian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/civilian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who is not in the army, navy, air force or police.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:civilian:m1:1
# text = A person who is not in the army, navy, air force or police.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	navy	navy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | a person |  |  | the army and navy |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with ordinary people rather than soldiers: civilian clothes, civilian life.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:civilian:m2:1
# text = To do with ordinary people rather than soldiers: civilian clothes, civilian life.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	8	cc	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	civilian	civilian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	civilian	civilian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with ordinary people rather soldiers and civilian clothes and civilian life | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many civilians were evacuated from the cities during the war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:civilian:x1:1
# text = Many civilians were evacuated from the cities during the war.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	civilians	civilian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	evacuated	evacuate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **evacuate** | past · passive |  | Many civilians |  | the cities | during the war |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from city=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldier changed into civilian clothes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:civilian:x2:1
# text = The soldier changed into civilian clothes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	civilian	civilian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | the soldier |  |  |  |  | into civilian clothes *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into clothes=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the army, Grandad went back to civilian life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:civilian:x3:1
# text = After the army, Grandad went back to civilian life.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	civilian	civilian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go back** | past | Grandad |  |  |  | after the army | to civilian life *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to life=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rules of war say civilians must be protected.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:civilian:x4:1
# text = Rules of war say civilians must be protected.
1	Rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	civilians	civilian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Rules of war |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **protect** | must · passive |  | civilians |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **rule** |  | war |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The police officer was off duty and dressed as a civilian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:civilian:x5:1
# text = The police officer was off duty and dressed as a civilian.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	officer	officer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
6	duty	duty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	civilian	civilian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the police officer | off duty |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dress** | participle |  | off duty *not said here* |  |  |  | civilian *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Civilian planes carry passengers, not weapons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:civilian:x6:1
# text = Civilian planes carry passengers, not weapons.
1	Civilian	civilian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	planes	plane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	passengers	passenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | Civilian planes | passengers and weapons |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passenger=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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