---
title: clad — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «clad» in the school dictionary: Wearing a certain kind of clothes («clad in armour», «a black-clad figure»). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# clad

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** clothes, knight, figure, Ivy clad walls, Workers, He · **What happens:** wear, clad, cover, call, be, shine · **To what, where:** certain kind, armour, walls, layer, gate, hills · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«clad» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [clad in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/clad.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal or literary — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wearing a certain kind of clothes («clad in armour», «a black-clad figure»).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clad:m1:1
# text = Wearing a certain kind of clothes («clad in armour», «a black-clad figure»).
1	Wearing	wear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	nmod	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	clad	clad	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	clad	clad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | gerund |  | a certain kind of clothes |  |  |  | a black clad figure *obl* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent kind=Source |
| 2 | **clad** *in a quote* | past | clothes *not said here* |  |  | armour |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Covered with a layer of some material («stone-clad», «ivy-clad»).

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clad:m2:1
# text = Covered with a layer of some material («stone-clad», «ivy-clad»).
1	Covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	clad	clad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	ivy	ivy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	clad	clad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with a layer of some material | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with layer=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: building, verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cover a building's walls with a layer of material; the layer is called «cladding».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clad:m3:1
# text = To cover a building's walls with a layer of material; the layer is called «cladding».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cover	cover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	cladding	cladding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | to-infinitive |  | a building's walls |  |  |  | with a layer of material | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent wall=Destination with layer=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | the layer |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight was clad in shining armour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clad:x1:1
# text = The knight was clad in shining armour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	clad	clad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the knight |  |  |  |  | clad *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **shine** | gerund | the knight *not said here* | armour |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent armour=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A figure clad in black stood at the gate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clad:x2:1
# text = A figure clad in black stood at the gate.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	clad	clad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
6	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | a figure |  |  | the gate |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at gate=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hills were clad in snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clad:x3:1
# text = The hills were clad in snow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	clad	clad	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clad** | past · passive |  | the hills |  | snow |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The house was clad in red brick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clad:x4:1
# text = The house was clad in red brick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	clad	clad	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	brick	brick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clad** | past · passive |  | the house |  | red brick |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ivy-clad walls surrounded the old garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clad:x5:1
# text = Ivy-clad walls surrounded the old garden.
1	Ivy	Ivy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	clad	clad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | participle | Ivy clad walls *not said here* | the old garden |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme garden=Co-Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Workers are replacing unsafe cladding on the tower.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clad:x6:1
# text = Workers are replacing unsafe cladding on the tower.
1	Workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	replacing	replace	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	unsafe	unsafe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cladding	cladding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | present · progressive | Workers | unsafe cladding |  | the tower |  |  | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cladding=Co-Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children came clad in wellies and raincoats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clad:x7:1
# text = The children came clad in wellies and raincoats.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	clad	clad	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	wellies	welly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	raincoats	raincoat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clad** | past · passive |  | the children |  | wellies and raincoats |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was a plump young fellow, clad in summer garments and wearing a straw hat.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clad:x8:1
# text = He was a plump young fellow, clad in summer garments and wearing a straw hat.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	plump	plump	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fellow	fellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	clad	clad	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	garments	garment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	wearing	wear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | a plump young fellow |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **clad** | past | a plump young fellow *not said here* |  |  | summer garments |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **wear** | gerund | a plump young fellow *not said here* | a straw hat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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