---
title: classification — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «classification» in the school dictionary: Sorting things into groups or classes by what they have in common: the classification of animals. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# classification

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** things, group, We, classification, number, Libraries · **What happens:** sort, have, classify, put, make, be · **To what, where:** things, groups, common, animals, something, classification

<!-- .vabout -->
«classification» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [classification in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/classification.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sorting things into groups or classes by what they have in common: the classification of animals.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:classification:m1:1
# text = Sorting things into groups or classes by what they have in common: the classification of animals.
1	Sorting	sort	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	classes	class	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	1	obl	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	classification	classification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sort** | gerund |  | things |  |  |  | into groups or classes *goal*; the classification of animals *obl* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent thing=Theme into group=Goal |
| 2 | **have** | present | things *= thing* |  |  | common |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **classify** |  |  | animals |  |  |  |  | nom classification «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A group or class that something is put into: the classification "mammal".

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:classification:m2:1
# text = A group or class that something is put into: the classification "mammal".
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	classification	classification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	mammal	mammal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present · passive | a group or class *not said here* | something |  | the classification |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An official level or category, such as a film rating or a secret document's level.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:classification:m3:1
# text = An official level or category, such as a film rating or a secret document's level.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	category	category	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	rating	rating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	document	document	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a classification key to sort the leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:classification:x1:1
# text = We made a classification key to sort the leaves.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	classification	classification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	key	key	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	sort	sort	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a classification key |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent key=Product |
| 2 | **sort** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | the leaves |  |  |  |  | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The classification of animals puts whales with mammals, not fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:classification:x2:1
# text = The classification of animals puts whales with mammals, not fish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	classification	classification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present | the classification of animals |  | whales |  |  | with mammals and fish | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent whale=Goal |
| 2 | **classify** |  |  | animals |  |  |  |  | nom classification «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shapes can be classified by number of sides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:classification:x3:1
# text = Shapes can be classified by number of sides.
1	Shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	classified	classify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **classify** | can · passive | number of sides | Shapes |  |  |  |  | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What is the classification of a frog? It is an amphibian.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* What is the classification of a frog?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:classification:x4:1
# text = What is the classification of a frog?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	classification	classification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the classification of a frog |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **classify** |  |  | a frog |  |  |  |  | nom classification «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It is an amphibian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:classification:x4:2
# text = It is an amphibian.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	amphibian	amphibian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | classification | a amphibian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Libraries use a classification system to shelve books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:classification:x5:1
# text = Libraries use a classification system to shelve books.
1	Libraries	library	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	classification	classification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	shelve	shelve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Libraries | a classification system |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent system=Patient |
| 2 | **shelve** | to-infinitive | Libraries *not said here* | books |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film's classification is PG.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:classification:x6:1
# text = The film's classification is PG.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	classification	classification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	PG	PG	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the film's classification | PG |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **classify** |  | the film |  |  |  |  |  | nom classification «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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