---
title: cleat — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cleat» in the school dictionary: A cleat is one of the hard studs on the bottom of sports shoes that stop you slipping on grass. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cleat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cleat, sports shoes, Cleats, you, me, Baseball cleats · **What happens:** be, stop, slip, shape, tie around, put · **To what, where:** one, you, grass, sports shoes, shaped piece, cleats

<!-- .vabout -->
«cleat» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cleat in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cleat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cleat is one of the hard studs on the bottom of sports shoes that stop you slipping on grass.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleat:m1:1
# text = A cleat is one of the hard studs on the bottom of sports shoes that stop you slipping on grass.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cleat	cleat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	studs	stud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	compound	_	_
14	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	slipping	slip	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	xcomp	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cleat | one |  |  |  | of the hard studs on the bottom of sports shoes | tree rules |
| 2 | **stop** | present | sports shoes | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **slip** | gerund | sports shoes *not said here* |  |  | grass |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cleats (US, Canada) are sports shoes with these studs, such as football or soccer boots.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleat:m2:1
# text = Cleats (US, Canada) are sports shoes with these studs, such as football or soccer boots.
1	Cleats	cleat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	compound	_	_
9	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	studs	stud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	soccer	soccer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cleats | sports shoes |  |  |  | with this studs and football or soccer boots | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cleat is a T-shaped piece of metal or wood on a boat or dock that you tie a rope around.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleat:m3:1
# text = A cleat is a T-shaped piece of metal or wood on a boat or dock that you tie a rope around.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cleat	cleat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	T	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	dock	dock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	obj	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	tie	tie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	around	around	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a cleat | a shaped piece |  |  |  | of metal on a boat or dock or wood | tree rules |
| 3 | **tie around** | present | you | a shaped piece |  |  |  | around *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent that=Patient rope=Result |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put on your cleats before soccer practice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleat:x1:1
# text = Put on your cleats before soccer practice.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	cleats	cleat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	soccer	soccer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | your cleats | before soccer practice |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on cleat=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cleats are covered in mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleat:x2:1
# text = My cleats are covered in mud.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cleats	cleat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | My cleats |  |  |  | in mud | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in mud=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cleats help me run on wet grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleat:x3:1
# text = The cleats help me run on wet grass.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cleats	cleat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the cleats | me |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **run** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  | wet grass |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on grass=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take your cleats off before you come inside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleat:x4:1
# text = Take your cleats off before you come inside.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	cleats	cleat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take off** | imperative | you *not said here* | your cleats |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cleat=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | present | you |  |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Baseball cleats have metal or plastic studs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleat:x5:1
# text = Baseball cleats have metal or plastic studs.
1	Baseball	baseball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	cleats	cleat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	studs	stud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Baseball cleats | metal or plastic studs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent metal=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sailor tied the rope to a cleat on the dock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleat:x6:1
# text = The sailor tied the rope to a cleat on the dock.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sailor	sailor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tied	tie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cleat	cleat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	dock	dock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | past | the sailor | the rope |  | the dock |  | to a cleat | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent rope=Patient to cleat=Co-Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My new cleats are a size bigger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleat:x7:1
# text = My new cleats are a size bigger.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cleats	cleat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My new cleats | a size |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can't wear cleats on the gym floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleat:x8:1
# text = You can't wear cleats on the gym floor.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	wear	wear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	cleats	cleat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	gym	gym	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **wear** | can | You | cleats |  | the gym floor |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent cleat=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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