---
title: cleverly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cleverly» in the school dictionary: Cleverly means in a smart, clever way, using good thinking or skill. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cleverly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** smart clever way, fox, She, He, detective, children · **What happens:** mean, use, fool, trick, drop, solve · **To what, where:** good thinking, someone, crow, cheese, puzzle, treasure

<!-- .vabout -->
«cleverly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cleverly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cleverly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cleverly means in a smart, clever way, using good thinking or skill.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverly:m1:1
# text = Cleverly means in a smart, clever way, using good thinking or skill.
1	Cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	smart	smart	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
11	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	thinking	thinking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in a smart clever way; cleverly *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | a smart clever way *not said here* | good thinking or skill |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thinking=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cleverly can also mean in a tricky or cunning way, to fool someone.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverly:m2:1
# text = Cleverly can also mean in a tricky or cunning way, to fool someone.
1	Cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	tricky	tricky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	cunning	cunning	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	fool	fool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
14	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  | in a tricky way; cleverly *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute |
| 2 | **fool** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fox cleverly tricked the crow into dropping the cheese.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverly:x1:1
# text = The fox cleverly tricked the crow into dropping the cheese.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	tricked	trick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	into	into	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	dropping	drop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trick** | past | the fox | the crow |  |  |  | cleverly *property* | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crow=Patient |
| 2 | **drop** | gerund | the fox *not said here* | the cheese |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cheese=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She cleverly solved the puzzle in a minute.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverly:x2:1
# text = She cleverly solved the puzzle in a minute.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	solved	solve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **solve** | past | She | the puzzle |  |  | minute | cleverly *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The treasure was cleverly hidden behind a loose brick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverly:x3:1
# text = The treasure was cleverly hidden behind a loose brick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	brick	brick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past · passive |  | the treasure |  | a loose brick |  | cleverly *property* | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient behind brick=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bag is cleverly designed to fold into a pocket.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverly:x4:1
# text = The bag is cleverly designed to fold into a pocket.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	designed	design	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	fold	fold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pocket	pocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **design** | present · passive |  | the bag |  |  |  | cleverly *property* | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **fold** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a pocket |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material into pocket=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He cleverly added 99 by adding 100 and taking away 1.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverly:x5:1
# text = He cleverly added 99 by adding 100 and taking away 1.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	added	add	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	99	99	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
10	away	away	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | past | He | 99 |  |  |  | cleverly *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 99=Patient |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | He *not said here* | 100 |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 100=Patient |
| 3 | **take away** | gerund | He *not said here* | 1 |  |  |  | away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 1=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective cleverly noticed the muddy boots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverly:x6:1
# text = The detective cleverly noticed the muddy boots.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	noticed	notice	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notice** | past | the detective | the muddy boots |  |  |  | cleverly *property* | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer boot=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children cleverly built a bridge from straws.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverly:x7:1
# text = The children cleverly built a bridge from straws.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	straws	straw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the children | a bridge |  | straws |  | cleverly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent bridge=Product from straw=Material |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"That was very cleverly done," observed the Princess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverly:x8:1
# text = "That was very cleverly done," observed the Princess.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
9	observed	observe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Princess	Princess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | That |  |  |  | cleverly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **observe** | past |  | the Princess |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent princess=Topic |

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