---
title: cleverness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cleverness» in the school dictionary: Cleverness is being clever: being quick to learn, understand and think of good ideas. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cleverness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cleverness, mouse, Everyone, team, kindness, youngest child · **What happens:** be, learn, understand, think, mean, escape · **To what, where:** cleverness, quiz, us, fairy tales, head · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cleverness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cleverness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cleverness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cleverness is being clever: being quick to learn, understand and think of good ideas.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverness:m1:1
# text = Cleverness is being clever: being quick to learn, understand and think of good ideas.
1	Cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Cleverness |  |  |  |  | clever *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | Cleverness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | quick *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **learn** | to-infinitive | Cleverness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **understand** | infinitive | Cleverness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive | Cleverness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of good ideas | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cleverness can also mean being tricky or cunning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverness:m2:1
# text = Cleverness can also mean being tricky or cunning.
1	Cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
6	tricky	tricky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	cunning	cunning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Cleverness |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | tricky *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mouse escaped from the cat through cleverness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverness:x1:1
# text = The mouse escaped from the cat through cleverness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	escaped	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **escape** | past | the mouse |  |  | cleverness |  | from the cat | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from cat=Initial\_Location through cleverness=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone admired the cleverness of her idea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverness:x2:1
# text = Everyone admired the cleverness of her idea.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	admired	admire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **admire** | past | Everyone | the cleverness of her idea |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cleverness=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His cleverness helped the team win the quiz.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverness:x3:1
# text = His cleverness helped the team win the quiz.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	win	win	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	quiz	quiz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | His cleverness |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **win** | present | the team | the quiz |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quiz=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cleverness is useful, but kindness matters more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverness:x4:1
# text = Cleverness is useful, but kindness matters more.
1	Cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	matters	matter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Cleverness |  |  |  |  | useful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **matter** | present | kindness |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cleverness of the trick surprised us all.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverness:x5:1
# text = The cleverness of the trick surprised us all.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	surprised	surprise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surprise** | past | the cleverness of the trick | us |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus we=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In fairy tales, the youngest child often wins by cleverness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverness:x6:1
# text = In fairy tales, the youngest child often wins by cleverness.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	fairy	fairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	wins	win	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | present | the youngest child |  |  | fairy tales |  | by cleverness; often *property* | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V PP.eventuality S\_ING»: agent=Agent in tale=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he sat and scratched his head, and thought about his own cleverness.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cleverness:x7:1
# text = And he sat and scratched his head, and thought about his own cleverness.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	scratched	scratch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	about	about	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **scratch** | past | he *not said here* | his head |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | past | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about his own cleverness | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about cleverness=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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