---
title: clipped — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «clipped» in the school dictionary: Clipped is the past form of «clip»: cut something short or neat with scissors or clippers (clipped the hedge, clipped his nails). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# clipped

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** clippers, clip, way, clipped voice, Dad, vet · **What happens:** clip, be, cut, mean, fasten, hit · **To what, where:** Clipped past form, something, hedge, nails, papers, front garden · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«clipped» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [clipped in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/clipped.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clipped is the past form of «clip»: cut something short or neat with scissors or clippers (clipped the hedge, clipped his nails).

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clipped:m1:1
# text = Clipped is the past form of «clip»: cut something short or neat with scissors or clippers (clipped the hedge, clipped his nails).
1	Clipped	clip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	clip	clip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obj	_	_
13	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	neat	neat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	scissors	scissors	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	clippers	clipper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	clipped	clip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	clipped	clip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	nails	nail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clip** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the Clipped past form |  |  |  | of clip | tree rules |
| 3 | **cut** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | with scissors or clippers | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient with scissors=Instrument |
| 4 | **clip** | participle | clippers *not said here* | the hedge |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hedge=Patient |
| 5 | **clip** | past |  | his nails |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nail=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clipped also means fastened with a clip (clipped the papers together).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clipped:m2:1
# text = Clipped also means fastened with a clip (clipped the papers together).
1	Clipped	clip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	clip	clip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	clipped	clip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clip** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **fasten** *not said to happen* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with a clip | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent with clip=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **clip** | participle | a clip *not said here* | the papers |  |  |  | together *property* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paper=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clipped means hit something lightly or quickly on the edge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clipped:m3:1
# text = Clipped means hit something lightly or quickly on the edge.
1	Clipped	clip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hit	hit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	lightly	lightly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clip** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **hit** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | on the edge; lightly *property* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent something=Instrument on edge=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A clipped voice or way of speaking is short, quick and rather unfriendly.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clipped:m4:1
# text = A clipped voice or way of speaking is short, quick and rather unfriendly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	clipped	clip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	unfriendly	unfriendly	ADV	RB	_	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clip** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | a clipped voice or way |  |  |  |  | short *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | a clipped voice or way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad clipped the hedge in the front garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clipped:x1:1
# text = Dad clipped the hedge in the front garden.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	clipped	clip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	front	front	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clip** | past | Dad | the hedge |  | the front garden |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hedge=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vet clipped the dog's nails.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clipped:x2:1
# text = The vet clipped the dog's nails.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vet	vet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	clipped	clip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	nails	nail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clip** | past | the vet | the dog's nails |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nail=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She clipped her name badge onto her jumper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clipped:x3:1
# text = She clipped her name badge onto her jumper.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	clipped	clip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	badge	badge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clip** | past | She | her name badge |  |  |  | onto her jumper | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent badge=Patient onto jumper=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **badge** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom badge «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The papers were clipped together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clipped:x4:1
# text = The papers were clipped together.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	clipped	clip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	together	together	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clip** | past · passive |  | the papers |  |  |  | together *property* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball clipped the top of the bar and went over.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clipped:x5:1
# text = The ball clipped the top of the bar and went over.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	clipped	clip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	over	over	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clip** | past | the ball | the top of the bar |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument top=Patient |
| 2 | **go over** | past | the ball *not said here* |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Fine,» she said in a clipped voice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clipped:x6:1
# text = «Fine,» she said in a clipped voice.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	clipped	clip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | she |  |  | a clipped voice |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **clip** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bird's wings had been clipped so it could not fly away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clipped:x7:1
# text = The bird's wings had been clipped so it could not fly away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	clipped	clip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
13	away	away	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clip** | past · perfect · passive |  | the bird's wings |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **fly away** | could | bird |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Running up, he caught the bird and clipped its wings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clipped:x8:1
# text = Running up, he caught the bird and clipped its wings.
1	Running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	clipped	clip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run up** | gerund | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **catch** | past | he | the bird |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme |
| 3 | **clip** | past | he *not said here* | bird's wings |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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