---
title: cloak — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cloak» in the school dictionary: A loose coat without sleeves that hangs from the shoulders and is fastened at the neck. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cloak

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** loose coat, wizard, thieves, Red Riding Hood, you, It · **What happens:** hang, fasten, cover, hide, cloak, swirl · **To what, where:** shoulders, neck, cloak, something, hills, long black cloak

<!-- .vabout -->
«cloak» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cloak in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cloak.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A loose coat without sleeves that hangs from the shoulders and is fastened at the neck.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloak:m1:1
# text = A loose coat without sleeves that hangs from the shoulders and is fastened at the neck.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sleeves	sleeve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hangs	hang	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | present | a loose coat without sleeves |  |  | the shoulders |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fasten** | present · passive | a loose coat without sleeves *not said here* |  |  | the neck |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that covers or hides: «under a cloak of darkness».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloak:m2:1
# text = Something that covers or hides: «under a cloak of darkness».
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	covers	cover	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	hides	hide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hide** | present |  | a cloak of darkness |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloak=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cover or hide something: «The hills were cloaked in mist.».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloak:m3:1
# text = To cover or hide something: «The hills were cloaked in mist.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cover	cover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	hide	hide	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	cloaked	cloak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	appos	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	mist	mist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hide** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 3 | **cloak** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | the hills |  |  |  | in mist | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in mist=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wizard swirled his long black cloak.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloak:x1:1
# text = The wizard swirled his long black cloak.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wizard	wizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swirled	swirl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swirl** | past | the wizard | wizard's long black cloak |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cloak=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thieves escaped under cloak of darkness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloak:x2:1
# text = The thieves escaped under cloak of darkness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thieves	thief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	escaped	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **escape** | past | the thieves |  |  | cloak of darkness |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mountains were cloaked in fog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloak:x3:1
# text = The mountains were cloaked in fog.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	cloaked	cloak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fog	fog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cloak** | past · passive |  | the mountains |  |  |  | in fog | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in fog=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Little Red Riding Hood wore a red cloak with a hood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloak:x4:1
# text = Little Red Riding Hood wore a red cloak with a hood.
1	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Red	Red	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	Riding	Riding	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Hood	Hood	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hood	hood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | Red Riding Hood | a red cloak |  |  |  | with a hood | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent cloak=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hang your coats in the cloakroom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloak:x5:1
# text = Hang your coats in the cloakroom.
1	Hang	hang	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	coats	coat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cloakroom	cloakroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | imperative | you *not said here* | your coats |  | the cloakroom |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent coat=Theme in cloakroom=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a cloak-and-dagger mission.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloak:x6:1
# text = It was a cloak-and-dagger mission.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
4	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	dagger	dagger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	mission	mission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a dagger mission |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wore a bearskin dress and cloak.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloak:x7:1
# text = He wore a bearskin dress and cloak.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bearskin	bearskin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | He | a bearskin dress and cloak |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent dress=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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