---
title: clone — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «clone» in the school dictionary: A living thing that is an exact copy of another, with the same genes, made naturally or by scientists. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/clone/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / clone

# clone

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** living thing, Dolly, cutting, Identical twins, Scientists, game · **What happens:** be, make, copy, grow, clone, call · **To what, where:** exact copy, same genes, copy, disk, clone, bit · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«clone» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [clone in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/clone.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A living thing that is an exact copy of another, with the same genes, made naturally or by scientists.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clone:m1:1
# text = A living thing that is an exact copy of another, with the same genes, made naturally or by scientists.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	genes	gene	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
18	naturally	naturally	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a living thing and the same genes | a exact copy |  |  |  | of another | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | the same genes *not said here* |  |  |  | naturally *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make such a copy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clone:m2:1
# text = To make such a copy.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	5	det:predet	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | such copy |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset copy=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something or someone that is very like another: a cheap clone of a famous game.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clone:m3:1
# text = Something or someone that is very like another: a cheap clone of a famous game.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	conj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	clone	clone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: computing — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make an exact copy of a disk, phone or code project.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clone:m4:1
# text = To make an exact copy of a disk, phone or code project.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	disk	disk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a exact copy of a disk and phone or code project |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset copy=Product |
| 2 | **copy** |  |  | a disk and phone or code project |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dolly the sheep was a clone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clone:x1:1
# text = Dolly the sheep was a clone.
1	Dolly	Dolly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	clone	clone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Dolly and the sheep | a clone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cutting from a plant grows into a clone of the parent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clone:x2:1
# text = A cutting from a plant grows into a clone of the parent.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cutting	cutting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	clone	clone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | a cutting from a plant |  |  |  |  | into a clone of the parent *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into clone=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identical twins are a bit like natural clones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clone:x3:1
# text = Identical twins are a bit like natural clones.
1	Identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	twins	twin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	clones	clone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Identical twins | a bit |  |  |  | like natural clones | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists cloned a mouse in a laboratory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clone:x4:1
# text = Scientists cloned a mouse in a laboratory.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cloned	clone	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	laboratory	laboratory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clone** | past | Scientists | a mouse |  | a laboratory |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This game is a clone of a famous one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clone:x5:1
# text = This game is a clone of a famous one.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	clone	clone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this game | a clone |  |  |  | of a famous one | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We cloned the code from the website.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clone:x6:1
# text = We cloned the code from the website.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cloned	clone	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clone** | past | We | the code |  | the website |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Criminals cloned his bank card, so he called the bank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clone:x7:1
# text = Criminals cloned his bank card, so he called the bank.
1	Criminals	criminal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cloned	clone	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clone** | past | Criminals | his bank card |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | past | he | the bank |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bank=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [clon](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/clon/)
- next →: [cloning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cloning/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)