---
title: closer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «closer» in the school dictionary: Nearer in distance: «Come closer». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# closer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** They, guess, Your, you, It, My · **What happens:** come, connect, become, take, be, guess · **To what, where:** closer friends, closer look

<!-- .vabout -->
«closer» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [closer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/closer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nearer in distance: «Come closer».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:m1:1
# text = Nearer in distance: «Come closer».
1	Nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
7	closer	close	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nearer in time: «Closer to bedtime».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:m2:1
# text = Nearer in time: «Closer to bedtime».
1	Nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	conj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	bedtime	bedtime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
More friendly or connected: «They became closer friends».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:m3:1
# text = More friendly or connected: «They became closer friends».
1	More	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	connected	connect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **connect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **become** *in a quote* | past | They | closer friends |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
More careful or exact: «Take a closer look».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:m4:1
# text = More careful or exact: «Take a closer look».
1	More	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | a closer look |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent look=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nearer to a number or answer: «Your guess was closer».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:m5:1
# text = Nearer to a number or answer: «Your guess was closer».
1	Nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | past | Your guess |  |  |  |  | close *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **guess** *in a quote* |  | Your |  |  |  |  |  | nom guess «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Come closer so you can hear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:x1:1
# text = Come closer so you can hear.
1	Come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	closer	close	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	1	advmod	_	_
3	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take a closer look with the magnifying glass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:x2:1
# text = Take a closer look with the magnifying glass.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	magnifying	magnify	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | a closer look |  |  |  | with the magnifying glass | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent look=Theme |
| 2 | **magnify** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is 47 closer to 40 or to 50? It's closer to 50.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Is 47 closer to 40 or to 50?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:x3:1
# text = Is 47 closer to 40 or to 50?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	47	47	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to 40; close *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It's closer to 50.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:x3:2
# text = It's closer to 50.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | to 50; close *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't go any closer to the edge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:x4:1
# text = Don't go any closer to the edge.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	any	any	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	closer	close	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **go** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My guess of 20 was closer than yours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:x5:1
# text = My guess of 20 was closer than yours.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	yours	your	PRON	PRP	Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | My guess of 20 |  |  |  |  | than yours; close *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **guess** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom guess «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm is getting closer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:x6:1
# text = The storm is getting closer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · progressive | the storm |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin and I became closer after the holiday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:x7:1
# text = My cousin and I became closer after the holiday.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	conj	_	_
5	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	closer	close	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | My cousin |  |  |  | after the holiday | close *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stars look closer than they are.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:x8:1
# text = The stars look closer than they are.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
5	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | the stars |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **does** | present | stars *= star* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The others came closer to him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closer:x9:1
# text = The others came closer to him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the others |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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