---
title: closest — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «closest» in the school dictionary: Closest means the nearest of all. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# closest

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Closest, closest friend, you, town, number, closest store · **What happens:** mean, be, walk, guess, become · **To what, where:** nearest, friend, 2 miles, star, closest friend

<!-- .vabout -->
«closest» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [closest in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/closest.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Closest means the nearest of all.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closest:m1:1
# text = Closest means the nearest of all.
1	Closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  | the nearest |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent near=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Closest can mean the nearest in amount, the number with the smallest difference.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closest:m2:1
# text = Closest can mean the nearest in amount, the number with the smallest difference.
1	Closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	smallest	small	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	14	amod	_	_
14	difference	difference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Closest | the nearest |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent near=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A closest friend is the friend you are nearest to.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closest:m3:1
# text = A closest friend is the friend you are nearest to.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a closest friend | the friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | near *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which town is closest to the lake?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closest:x1:1
# text = Which town is closest to the lake?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | which town |  |  |  |  | to the lake; close *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Round 47 to the closest ten.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closest:x2:1
# text = Round 47 to the closest ten.
1	Round	round	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	47	47	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which number is closest to 100: 96 or 105?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closest:x3:1
# text = Which number is closest to 100: 96 or 105?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	96	96	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	parataxis	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	105	105	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | which number |  |  |  |  | to 100; close *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The closest store is 2 miles away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closest:x4:1
# text = The closest store is 2 miles away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	store	store	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the closest store | 2 miles |  |  |  | away *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sun is the star closest to Earth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closest:x5:1
# text = The Sun is the star closest to Earth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Sun | the star |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walk to the closest exit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closest:x6:1
# text = Walk to the closest exit.
1	Walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	exit	exit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the closest exit *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to exit=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her guess was the closest to the real number.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closest:x7:1
# text = Her guess was the closest to the real number.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her guess |  |  |  |  | to the real number; close *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **guess** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom guess «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom is my closest friend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closest:x8:1
# text = Tom is my closest friend.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Tom | my closest friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am quite sure we shall become the closest of friends."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:closest:x9:1
# text = I am quite sure we shall become the closest of friends."
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	xcomp	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | shall | we |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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