---
title: cloud — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cloud» in the school dictionary: A white or grey mass in the sky made of millions of tiny water drops or ice crystals. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cloud

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** steam, Something, you, sky, cloud, Dark clouds · **What happens:** make, look, store, become, not be, mean · **To what, where:** sky, people, files, cloud, Clouds, bonfire · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cloud» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cloud in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cloud.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A white or grey mass in the sky made of millions of tiny water drops or ice crystals.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:m1:1
# text = A white or grey mass in the sky made of millions of tiny water drops or ice crystals.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	drops	drop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	crystals	crystal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | the sky *not said here* |  |  |  | of millions of tiny water drops or ice crystals | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mass of smoke, dust or steam that looks like this.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:m2:1
# text = A mass of smoke, dust or steam that looks like this.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | steam |  |  |  |  | like this | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that makes people sad or worried: a cloud over the day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:m3:1
# text = Something that makes people sad or worried: a cloud over the day.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	worried	worried	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Something | people |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material people=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cloud: computers on the internet where you store files.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:m4:1
# text = The cloud: computers on the internet where you store files.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	computers	computer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	store	store	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	files	file	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **store** | present | you | files |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent file=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Verb: to become cloudy or unclear; cloud over (sky becomes cloudy).

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:m5:1
# text = Verb: to become cloudy or unclear; cloud over (sky becomes cloudy).
1	Verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	cloudy	cloudy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	unclear	unclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	over	over	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	cloudy	cloudy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | cloudy *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **become** | present | sky | cloud *not said here* |  |  |  | cloudy *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient cloud=Result |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There isn't a cloud in the sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:x1:1
# text = There isn't a cloud in the sky.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **be** | present | a cloud in the sky |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark clouds mean it might rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:x2:1
# text = Dark clouds mean it might rain.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Dark clouds |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rain** | might | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clouds are made of tiny drops of water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:x3:1
# text = Clouds are made of tiny drops of water.
1	Clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	drops	drop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Clouds |  |  |  | of tiny drops of water | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cloud of smoke came from the bonfire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:x4:1
# text = A cloud of smoke came from the bonfire.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bonfire	bonfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a cloud of smoke |  |  | the bonfire |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from bonfire=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **cloud** |  |  | smoke |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sky clouded over in the afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:x5:1
# text = The sky clouded over in the afternoon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	clouded	cloud	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cloud over** | past | the sky |  |  |  | afternoon | over *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We save our work to the cloud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:x6:1
# text = We save our work to the cloud.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	save	save	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | present | We | our work |  |  |  | to the cloud | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Theme |
| 2 | **work** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was on cloud nine after winning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:x7:1
# text = She was on cloud nine after winning.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	flat	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	winning	win	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  | cloud |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **win** | gerund | cloud *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fluffy white clouds are called cumulus clouds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:x8:1
# text = Fluffy white clouds are called cumulus clouds.
1	Fluffy	fluffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	cumulus	cumulus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Fluffy white clouds |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It looked like soft little woolly clouds!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cloud:x9:1
# text = It looked like soft little woolly clouds!
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	woolly	woolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | It |  |  |  |  | like soft little woolly clouds | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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