---
title: clove — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «clove» in the school dictionary: A small, dried, nail-shaped flower bud used as a strong-smelling spice, for example in cooking, mulled drinks and Christmas oranges. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/clove/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / clove

# clove

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Past tense, tense, you, We, Cloves, Grandma · **What happens:** dry, shape, use, smell, mull, section · **To what, where:** small shaped flower bud, cooking, bulb, log, two cloves, cloves

<!-- .vabout -->
«clove» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [clove in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/clove.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small, dried, nail-shaped flower bud used as a strong-smelling spice, for example in cooking, mulled drinks and Christmas oranges.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clove:m1:1
# text = A small, dried, nail-shaped flower bud used as a strong-smelling spice, for example in cooking, mulled drinks and Christmas oranges.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	nail	nail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
9	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	bud	bud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	amod	_	_
17	spice	spice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	cooking	cooking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	mulled	mull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	amod	_	_
25	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	oranges	orange	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | a small shaped flower bud *not said here* |  | cooking and mulled drinks and Christmas oranges |  | as a smelling spice; for example | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **smell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **mull** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One small section of a bulb of garlic: «a clove of garlic».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clove:m2:1
# text = One small section of a bulb of garlic: «a clove of garlic».
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	section	section	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	garlic	garlic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	clove	clove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	garlic	garlic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **section** |  |  | a bulb of garlic |  |  |  |  | nom section «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past tense of «cleave» (to split): «He clove the log in two.».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clove:m3:1
# text = Past tense of «cleave» (to split): «He clove the log in two.».
1	Past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	cleave	cleave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	split	split	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	clove	clove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	log	log	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
18	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cleave** *in a quote* | infinitive | Past tense |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **split** | to-infinitive | Past tense *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **clove in** *in a quote* | past | tense | the log |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add two cloves of garlic to the sauce.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clove:x1:1
# text = Add two cloves of garlic to the sauce.
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	cloves	clove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	garlic	garlic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sauce	sauce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | two cloves of garlic |  |  |  | to the sauce | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent clove=Patient to sauce=Co-Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We pushed cloves into an orange to make a pomander.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clove:x2:1
# text = We pushed cloves into an orange to make a pomander.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pushed	push	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cloves	clove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	orange	orange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pomander	pomander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | past | We | cloves |  | a orange |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent clove=Theme into orange=Destination |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | a pomander |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pomander=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cloves smell warm and spicy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clove:x3:1
# text = Cloves smell warm and spicy.
1	Cloves	clove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	smell	smell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	spicy	spicy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | present | Cloves |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma rubbed clove oil on her sore tooth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clove:x4:1
# text = Grandma rubbed clove oil on her sore tooth.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	clove	clove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | past | Grandma | clove oil |  | Grandma's sore tooth |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent oil=Theme on tooth=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ships sailed far to buy cloves and nutmeg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clove:x5:1
# text = Ships sailed far to buy cloves and nutmeg.
1	Ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	cloves	clove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	nutmeg	nutmeg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | Ships |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **buy** | to-infinitive | Ships *not said here* | cloves and nutmeg |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clove=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One bulb of garlic has about ten cloves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clove:x6:1
# text = One bulb of garlic has about ten cloves.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	garlic	garlic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	cloves	clove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | One bulb of garlic | ten cloves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clove=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I took them gratefully, and as we went from one island to another I laid in stores of cloves, cinnamon, and other spices.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clove:x7:1
# text = I took them gratefully, and as we went from one island to another I laid in stores of cloves, cinnamon, and other spices.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	gratefully	gratefully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	stores	store	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	cloves	clove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	spices	spice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | I | them *= they* |  |  |  | gratefully *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | past | we | other spices |  | one island |  | to another | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from island=Initial\_Location to another=Destination |
| 3 | **lay** | past | I |  |  | stores of cloves and cinnamon |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in store=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [clout](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/clout/)
- next →: [cloven](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cloven/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)