---
title: clump — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «clump» in the school dictionary: A clump is a small group of plants or trees growing close together: «a clump of daisies». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# clump

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** clump, trees, He, cat, you, porridge · **What happens:** be, grow, stick together, clump, mean, gather · **To what, where:** small group, lump, lumps, group, stairs, boots · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«clump» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [clump in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/clump.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A clump is a small group of plants or trees growing close together: «a clump of daisies».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clump:m1:1
# text = A clump is a small group of plants or trees growing close together: «a clump of daisies».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clump	clump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
13	together	together	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	clump	clump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	daisies	daisy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a clump | a small group |  |  |  | of plants or trees | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | trees *not said here* |  |  |  |  | close, together *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A clump is a lump or mass of something stuck together: «a clump of hair», «clumps of mud».

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clump:m2:1
# text = A clump is a lump or mass of something stuck together: «a clump of hair», «clumps of mud».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clump	clump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lump	lump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod	_	_
10	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	together	together	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	clump	clump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	clumps	clump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	appos	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a clump | a lump or mass of something and a clump of hair |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stick together** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To clump, or clump together, means to stick together in lumps or gather in a group.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clump:m3:1
# text = To clump, or clump together, means to stick together in lumps or gather in a group.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	clump	clump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	clump	clump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	stick	stick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	together	together	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	lumps	lump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	gather	gather	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clump** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **clump** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **stick together** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | lumps |  | together *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in lump=Destination |
| 5 | **gather** | present |  |  |  | a group |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To clump means to walk with slow, heavy, noisy steps: «He clumped up the stairs in his boots».

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clump:m4:1
# text = To clump means to walk with slow, heavy, noisy steps: «He clumped up the stairs in his boots».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	clump	clump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
7	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	clumped	clump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clump** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **walk** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with slow heavy noisy steps | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **clump up** *in a quote* | past | He | the stairs |  | his boots |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A clump of bluebells grew under the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clump:x1:1
# text = A clump of bluebells grew under the tree.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clump	clump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	bluebells	bluebell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | a clump of bluebells |  |  | the tree |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under tree=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat left a clump of fur on the sofa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clump:x2:1
# text = The cat left a clump of fur on the sofa.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	clump	clump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the cat | a clump of fur |  | the sofa |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent clump=Theme on sofa=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stir the porridge so it doesn't clump.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clump:x3:1
# text = Stir the porridge so it doesn't clump.
1	Stir	stir	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	porridge	porridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	clump	clump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stir** | imperative | you *not said here* | the porridge |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus porridge=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **clump** | present · do-support | porridge |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children clumped together to keep warm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clump:x4:1
# text = The children clumped together to keep warm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	clumped	clump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clump** | past | the children |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | the children *not said here* |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard Dad clumping upstairs in his wellies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clump:x5:1
# text = We heard Dad clumping upstairs in his wellies.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	clumping	clump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
5	upstairs	upstairs	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	wellies	welly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | Dad |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **clump** | gerund | Dad *not said here* |  |  | Dad's wellies |  | upstairs *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in welly=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clumps of mud fell off my football boots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clump:x6:1
# text = Clumps of mud fell off my football boots.
1	Clumps	clump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall off** | past | Clumps of mud | my football boots |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient boot=Extent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rabbits hid in a clump of long grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clump:x7:1
# text = The rabbits hid in a clump of long grass.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	clump	clump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | the rabbits |  |  | a clump of long grass |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in clump=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But not half-way, near a clump of trees, there was the Wolf!

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clump:x8:1
# text = But not half-way, near a clump of trees, there was the Wolf!
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	near	near	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	clump	clump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
13	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
14	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | the Wolf | half way |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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