---
title: clumping — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «clumping» in the school dictionary: Walking with slow, heavy, noisy steps (clumping up the stairs). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# clumping

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** slow heavy noisy steps, wet flour, trees, plants, He, giant · **What happens:** walk, clump up, gather, clump, grow, come · **To what, where:** stairs, big boots, woods, flour, clump, lane

<!-- .vabout -->
«clumping» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [clumping in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/clumping.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walking with slow, heavy, noisy steps (clumping up the stairs).

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clumping:m1:1
# text = Walking with slow, heavy, noisy steps (clumping up the stairs).
1	Walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
3	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	clumping	clump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with slow heavy noisy steps | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **clump up** | gerund | slow heavy noisy steps *not said here* | the stairs |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location stair=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gathering together into a tight group or lumps (wet flour clumping, trees clumping together).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clumping:m2:1
# text = Gathering together into a tight group or lumps (wet flour clumping, trees clumping together).
1	Gathering	gather	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	together	together	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	tight	tight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	lumps	lump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
12	clumping	clump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
15	clumping	clump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	together	together	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | into a tight group or lumps; together *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent into group=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **clump** | gerund | wet flour and trees *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **clump** | gerund | trees *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun «clump» — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A group of plants growing close together, or a lump of something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clumping:m3:1
# text = A group of plants growing close together, or a lump of something.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
7	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lump	lump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund | plants *not said here* |  |  |  |  | close, together *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He came clumping down the stairs in his big boots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clumping:x1:1
# text = He came clumping down the stairs in his big boots.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	clumping	clump	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **clump** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  | his big boots |  | down the stairs | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down stair=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The giant went clumping through the woods.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clumping:x2:1
# text = The giant went clumping through the woods.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	clumping	clump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the giant |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **clump** | gerund | the giant *not said here* |  |  | the woods |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through wood=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wet sand kept clumping together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clumping:x3:1
# text = The wet sand kept clumping together.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	clumping	clump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the wet sand |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **clump** | gerund | the wet sand *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stir the flour well to stop it clumping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clumping:x4:1
# text = Stir the flour well to stop it clumping.
1	Stir	stir	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	clumping	clump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stir** | imperative | you *not said here* | the flour |  |  |  | well *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus flour=Experiencer |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | flour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **clump** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Daffodils were growing in a clump by the gate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clumping:x5:1
# text = Daffodils were growing in a clump by the gate.
1	Daffodils	daffodil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	clump	clump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past · progressive | Daffodils |  |  | a clump |  | by the gate | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in clump=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horses went clumping along the lane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clumping:x6:1
# text = The horses went clumping along the lane.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	clumping	clump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lane	lane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the horses |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **clump** | gerund | the horses *not said here* |  |  | the lane |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along lane=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cattle stood clumping together for warmth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clumping:x7:1
# text = The cattle stood clumping together for warmth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	clumping	clump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	together	together	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the cattle |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **clump** | gerund | the cattle *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for warmth; together *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Carl of the Drab Coat came bumping and stumping and clumping into the camp, and was surrounded by a multitude that adored him and hailed him with tears.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:clumping:x8:1
# text = The Carl of the Drab Coat came bumping and stumping and clumping into the camp, and was surrounded by a multitude that adored him and hailed him with tears.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Carl	Carl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Drab	Drab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Coat	Coat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	bumping	bump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stumping	stump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	clumping	clump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	conj	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl:agent	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	adored	adore	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	hailed	hail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the Carl of the Drab Coat |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bump** | gerund | the Carl of the Drab Coat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **stump** | gerund | the Carl of the Drab Coat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **clump** | gerund | the Carl of the Drab Coat *not said here* |  |  | the camp |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into camp=Destination |
| 5 | **surround** | past · passive | a multitude |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **adore** | past | a multitude | Carl |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 7 | **hail** | past | a multitude *not said here* | Carl |  |  |  | with tears | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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