---
title: coachman — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «coachman» in the school dictionary: A coachman is a man who drives a horse-drawn coach. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# coachman

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**Who acts:** coachman, man · **What happens:** be, drive, draw, whip up, stop, need · **To what, where:** man, drawn coach, horses, inn, strong hands, reins

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«coachman» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [coachman in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/coachman.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A coachman is a man who drives a horse-drawn coach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coachman:m1:1
# text = A coachman is a man who drives a horse-drawn coach.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coachman	coachman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	drives	drive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a coachman | a man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drive** | present | a man | a drawn coach |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coach=Theme |
| 3 | **draw** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coachman whipped up his horses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coachman:x1:1
# text = The coachman whipped up his horses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coachman	coachman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	whipped	whip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whip up** | past | the coachman | coachman's horses |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent horse=Material |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coachman stopped at the inn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coachman:x2:1
# text = The coachman stopped at the inn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coachman	coachman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	inn	inn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the coachman |  |  | the inn |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at inn=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A coachman needs strong hands to hold the reins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coachman:x3:1
# text = A coachman needs strong hands to hold the reins.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coachman	coachman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	reins	rein	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | a coachman | strong hands |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot hand=Theme |
| 2 | **hold** | to-infinitive | a coachman *not said here* | the reins |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rein=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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