---
title: coating — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «coating» in the school dictionary: A coating is a thin layer of something that covers a surface (a coating of dust, a coating of chocolate). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/coating/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / coating

# coating

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** coating, thin coating, biscuits, Dust, pan, Paint · **What happens:** be, cover, have, form, stop, rot · **To what, where:** thin layer, surface, ing form, something, cars, chocolate coating · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«coating» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [coating in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/coating.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A coating is a thin layer of something that covers a surface (a coating of dust, a coating of chocolate).

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coating:m1:1
# text = A coating is a thin layer of something that covers a surface (a coating of dust, a coating of chocolate).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	covers	cover	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a coating | a thin layer |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | present |  | a surface |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme surface=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coating is the -ing form of «coat»: covering something with a layer.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coating:m2:1
# text = Coating is the -ing form of «coat»: covering something with a layer.
1	Coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	covering	cover	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Coating | the ing form |  |  |  | of coat | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | gerund | Coating *not said here* | something |  |  |  | with a layer | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Destination with layer=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a thin coating of snow on the cars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coating:x1:1
# text = There was a thin coating of snow on the cars.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a thin coating of snow |  |  | the cars; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on car=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The biscuits have a chocolate coating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coating:x2:1
# text = The biscuits have a chocolate coating.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	biscuits	biscuit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the biscuits | a chocolate coating |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coating=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dust formed a coating on the old books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coating:x3:1
# text = Dust formed a coating on the old books.
1	Dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	formed	form	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | past | Dust | a coating |  | the old books |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location coating=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pan has a non-stick coating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coating:x4:1
# text = The pan has a non-stick coating.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pan	pan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	non-stick	non-stick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the pan | a non-stick coating |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coating=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paint is a coating that stops wood from rotting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coating:x5:1
# text = Paint is a coating that stops wood from rotting.
1	Paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Paint | a coating |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stop** | present | a coating | wood |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality wood=Eventuality |
| 3 | **rot** | gerund | a coating *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are coating the chicken in breadcrumbs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coating:x6:1
# text = We are coating the chicken in breadcrumbs.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	coating	coat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chicken	chicken	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	breadcrumbs	breadcrumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **coat** | present · progressive | We |  | the chicken |  |  | in breadcrumbs | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent chicken=Destination in breadcrumb=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pill has a sweet coating so it is easier to swallow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coating:x7:1
# text = The pill has a sweet coating so it is easier to swallow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pill	pill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	expl	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	parataxis	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	swallow	swallow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the pill | a sweet coating |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coating=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **swallow** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Charney was about to crush it with his foot, when he saw that there was a kind of soft coating over the leaf.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coating:x8:1
# text = Charney was about to crush it with his foot, when he saw that there was a kind of soft coating over the leaf.
1	Charney	Charney	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	about	about	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	crush	crush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	16	expl	_	_
16	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	coating	coating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	over	over	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Charney |  |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **crush** | to-infinitive | Charney *not said here* | it |  |  |  | with Charney's foot | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with foot=Instrument |
| 3 | **see** | past | Charney |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **be** | past | a kind of soft coating over the leaf |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [coat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/coat/)
- next →: [coax](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/coax/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)