---
title: coca — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «coca» in the school dictionary: Coca is a bush that grows in the Andes mountains of South America; its leaves are chewed or made into tea by local people to help with tiredness and mountain sickness. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# coca

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Coca, bush, local people, Farmers, Visitors, name · **What happens:** be, grow, chew, make, help, use · **To what, where:** bush, Andes mountains, leaves, tea, Coca leaves, illegal drug cocaine

<!-- .vabout -->
«coca» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [coca in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/coca.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coca is a bush that grows in the Andes mountains of South America; its leaves are chewed or made into tea by local people to help with tiredness and mountain sickness.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coca:m1:1
# text = Coca is a bush that grows in the Andes mountains of South America; its leaves are chewed or made into tea by local people to help with tiredness and mountain sickness.
1	Coca	coca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Andes	Ande	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	compound	_	_
10	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	chewed	chew	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
21	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	tiredness	tiredness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	sickness	sickness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Coca | a bush |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | a bush |  |  | the Andes mountains of South America |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mountain=Location |
| 3 | **chew** | present · passive | local people | Coca's leaves |  | tea |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | participle | local people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 5 | **help** | to-infinitive | local people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with tiredness and mountain sickness | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with tiredness=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coca leaves are also used to make the illegal and very dangerous drug cocaine.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coca:m2:1
# text = Coca leaves are also used to make the illegal and very dangerous drug cocaine.
1	Coca	coca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
9	illegal	illegal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
13	drug	drug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	cocaine	cocaine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Coca leaves |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | the illegal drug cocaine |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cocaine=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers in Bolivia grow coca on the mountainsides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coca:x1:1
# text = Farmers in Bolivia grow coca on the mountainsides.
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Bolivia	Bolivia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	coca	coca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mountainsides	mountainside	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Farmers in Bolivia | coca |  | the mountainsides |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location coca=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Visitors to the Andes may drink coca tea for altitude sickness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coca:x2:1
# text = Visitors to the Andes may drink coca tea for altitude sickness.
1	Visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Andes	Ande	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	coca	coca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	altitude	altitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	sickness	sickness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | may | Visitors to the Andes | coca tea |  |  |  | for altitude sickness | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tea=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coca leaves have been chewed in the Andes for thousands of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coca:x3:1
# text = Coca leaves have been chewed in the Andes for thousands of years.
1	Coca	coca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	chewed	chew	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Andes	Ande	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chew** | present · perfect · passive |  | Coca leaves |  | the Andes |  | for thousands of years | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cocaine, an illegal drug, is made from coca leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coca:x4:1
# text = Cocaine, an illegal drug, is made from coca leaves.
1	Cocaine	Cocaine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	illegal	illegal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	drug	drug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	coca	coca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Cocaine |  | coca leaves |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from leaf=Material |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The name Coca-Cola comes from coca leaves and kola nuts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coca:x5:1
# text = The name Coca-Cola comes from coca leaves and kola nuts.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	Coca	Coca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Cola	Cola	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	coca	coca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	kola	kola	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	nuts	nut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the name |  |  | coca leaves and kola nuts |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from leaf=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coca bush has small oval leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coca:x6:1
# text = The coca bush has small oval leaves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	coca	coca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	oval	oval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the coca bush | small oval leaves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Growing coca is controlled by law in many countries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coca:x7:1
# text = Growing coca is controlled by law in many countries.
1	Growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	csubj:pass	_	_
2	coca	coca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	controlled	control	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund |  | coca |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location coca=Theme |
| 2 | **control** | present · passive | Growing |  |  | many countries |  | by law | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S» |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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