---
title: cochineal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cochineal» in the school dictionary: A deep red dye made from tiny scale insects that live on prickly pear cacti, used to colour food, drinks, make-up and cloth. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cochineal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tiny scale insects, deep red dye, Cochineal, tiny insects, Aztecs, Vegetarians · **What happens:** make, live, use, colour, make up, come · **To what, where:** deep red dye, prickly pear cacti, food, bright red colour, pink icing, cacti

<!-- .vabout -->
«cochineal» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cochineal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cochineal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deep red dye made from tiny scale insects that live on prickly pear cacti, used to colour food, drinks, make-up and cloth.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cochineal:m1:1
# text = A deep red dye made from tiny scale insects that live on prickly pear cacti, used to colour food, drinks, make-up and cloth.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	dye	dye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	prickly	prickly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	pear	pear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	cacti	cactus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	colour	colour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
20	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	up	up	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a deep red dye *not said here* |  |  |  | from tiny scale insects | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from insect=Material |
| 2 | **live** | present | tiny scale insects |  |  | prickly pear cacti |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on cactus=Location |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | prickly pear cacti *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **colour** | to-infinitive |  | food and drinks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **make up** | infinitive | a deep red dye |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The insect itself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cochineal:m2:1
# text = The insect itself.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	2	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cochineal makes a bright red colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cochineal:x1:1
# text = Cochineal makes a bright red colour.
1	Cochineal	cochineal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Cochineal | a bright red colour |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset colour=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pink icing was coloured with cochineal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cochineal:x2:1
# text = The pink icing was coloured with cochineal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	icing	icing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	coloured	colour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cochineal	cochineal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colour** | past · passive |  | the pink icing |  |  |  | with cochineal | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cochineal comes from tiny insects that live on cacti.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cochineal:x3:1
# text = Cochineal comes from tiny insects that live on cacti.
1	Cochineal	cochineal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	cacti	cactus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Cochineal |  |  |  |  | from tiny insects | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from insect=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **live** | present | tiny insects |  |  | cacti |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on cactus=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Aztecs used cochineal to dye cloth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cochineal:x4:1
# text = The Aztecs used cochineal to dye cloth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Aztecs	Aztec	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cochineal	cochineal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	dye	dye	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the Aztecs | cochineal |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent cochineal=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **dye** | to-infinitive | the Aztecs *not said here* | cloth |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloth=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vegetarians check labels for cochineal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cochineal:x5:1
# text = Vegetarians check labels for cochineal.
1	Vegetarians	vegetarian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	check	check	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	labels	label	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	cochineal	cochineal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | present | Vegetarians | labels |  |  |  | for cochineal | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent label=Theme for cochineal=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It takes thousands of insects to make a little cochineal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cochineal:x6:1
# text = It takes thousands of insects to make a little cochineal.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cochineal	cochineal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | It | thousands of insects |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a little cochineal |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cochineal=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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