---
title: cockle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cockle» in the school dictionary: A small edible shellfish with two ribbed, heart-shaped shells, found in sand on beaches. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cockle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** It, heart, me, small light boat, We, Cockles · **What happens:** rib, shape, find, warm, mean, make · **To what, where:** two ribbed shaped shells, sand, cockles, me, cockleshell, empty cockle shells · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cockle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cockle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cockle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small edible shellfish with two ribbed, heart-shaped shells, found in sand on beaches.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cockle:m1:1
# text = A small edible shellfish with two ribbed, heart-shaped shells, found in sand on beaches.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	edible	edible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	shellfish	shellfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
7	ribbed	rib	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	beaches	beach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rib** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **find** | participle |  | two ribbed shaped shells *not said here* |  | sand |  | on beaches | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: idiom — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«It warms the cockles of my heart» means it makes me feel happy and loved.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cockle:m2:1
# text = «It warms the cockles of my heart» means it makes me feel happy and loved.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	warms	warm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	csubj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cockles	cockle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warm** *in a quote* | present | It | the cockles of my heart |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cockle=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** | present | heart | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **feel** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **love** | past | heart *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small light boat (also called a cockleshell).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cockle:m3:1
# text = A small light boat (also called a cockleshell).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cockleshell	cockleshell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | a small light boat *not said here* | a cockleshell |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We found empty cockle shells on the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cockle:x1:1
# text = We found empty cockle shells on the beach.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	cockle	cockle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | We | empty cockle shells |  | the beach |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cockles bury themselves in wet sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cockle:x2:1
# text = Cockles bury themselves in wet sand.
1	Cockles	cockle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bury	bury	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bury** | present | Cockles | Cockles *= cockle* |  | wet sand |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme in sand=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Molly Malone sold cockles and mussels in Dublin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cockle:x3:1
# text = Molly Malone sold cockles and mussels in Dublin.
1	Molly	Molly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Malone	Malone	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cockles	cockle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	mussels	mussel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Dublin	Dublin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | Molly | cockles and mussels |  | Dublin |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cockle=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your kind letter warmed the cockles of my heart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cockle:x4:1
# text = Your kind letter warmed the cockles of my heart.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	warmed	warm	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cockles	cockle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warm** | past | Your kind letter | the cockles of my heart |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cockle=Patient |
| 2 | **letter** |  | Your |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People in Wales still gather cockles at low tide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cockle:x5:1
# text = People in Wales still gather cockles at low tide.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	gather	gather	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	cockles	cockle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	tide	tide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | present | People in Wales | cockles |  | low tide | still |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent cockle=Theme at tide=Asset |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tiny cockle bobbed on the waves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cockle:x6:1
# text = The tiny cockle bobbed on the waves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cockle	cockle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	bobbed	bob	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bob** | participle |  | the tiny cockle *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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