---
title: cocoa — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cocoa» in the school dictionary: Cocoa is a brown powder made from roasted cacao beans, used to make chocolate drinks and to flavour cakes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cocoa

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cocoa, hot drink, Cocoa beans, Mum, you, Fair trade cocoa · **What happens:** be, make, roast, use, flavour, call · **To what, where:** brown powder, roasted cacao beans, chocolate drinks, cakes, hot drink, powder · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cocoa» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cocoa in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cocoa.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cocoa is a brown powder made from roasted cacao beans, used to make chocolate drinks and to flavour cakes.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cocoa:m1:1
# text = Cocoa is a brown powder made from roasted cacao beans, used to make chocolate drinks and to flavour cakes.
1	Cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	roasted	roast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
9	cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
15	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	flavour	flavour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
20	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cocoa | a brown powder |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a brown powder *not said here* |  | roasted cacao beans |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from bean=Material |
| 3 | **roast** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **use** | participle |  | roasted cacao beans *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | chocolate drinks |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset drink=Product |
| 6 | **flavour** | to-infinitive |  | cakes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cocoa is a hot drink made from this powder with milk or water, also called hot chocolate.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cocoa:m2:1
# text = Cocoa is a hot drink made from this powder with milk or water, also called hot chocolate.
1	Cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	also	also	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
17	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cocoa | a hot drink |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a hot drink *not said here* |  | this powder with milk or water |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from powder=Material |
| 3 | **call** | participle | a hot drink *not said here* | hot chocolate |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cocoa beans grow in pods on the cacao tree in hot tropical countries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cocoa:m3:1
# text = Cocoa beans grow in pods on the cacao tree in hot tropical countries.
1	Cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	pods	pod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cacao	cacao	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	tropical	tropical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Cocoa beans |  |  | pods |  | on the cacao tree; in hot tropical countries | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pod=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum made us a mug of hot cocoa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cocoa:x1:1
# text = Mum made us a mug of hot cocoa.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mug	mug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Mum | a mug of hot cocoa | us |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset we=Beneficiary mug=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add two spoons of cocoa powder to the cake mix.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cocoa:x2:1
# text = Add two spoons of cocoa powder to the cake mix.
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	spoons	spoon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	mix	mix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | two spoons of cocoa powder |  |  |  | to the cake mix | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent spoon=Patient to mix=Co-Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cocoa beans grow in big pods on trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cocoa:x3:1
# text = Cocoa beans grow in big pods on trees.
1	Cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pods	pod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Cocoa beans |  |  | big pods on trees |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pod=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chocolate is made from cocoa beans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cocoa:x4:1
# text = Chocolate is made from cocoa beans.
1	Chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Chocolate |  | cocoa beans |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from bean=Material |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most cocoa is grown in West Africa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cocoa:x5:1
# text = Most cocoa is grown in West Africa.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · passive |  | Most cocoa |  | West Africa |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cocoa tastes bitter without sugar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cocoa:x6:1
# text = Cocoa tastes bitter without sugar.
1	Cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tastes	taste	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** | present | Cocoa |  |  |  |  | bitter *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fair trade cocoa helps farmers get a fair price.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cocoa:x7:1
# text = Fair trade cocoa helps farmers get a fair price.
1	Fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Fair trade cocoa | farmers |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent farmer=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | infinitive | farmers *not said here* | a fair price |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer price=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drank cocoa by the campfire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cocoa:x8:1
# text = We drank cocoa by the campfire.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drank	drink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | past | We | cocoa |  |  |  | by the campfire | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cocoa=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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