---
title: coelacanth — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «coelacanth» in the school dictionary: A coelacanth is a large, rare, deep-sea fish with thick fleshy fins, a very old kind of fish once thought to have died out with the dinosaurs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# coelacanth

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** coelacanth, fossil, fisherman, Scientists, Coelacanths, fins · **What happens:** be, think, die out, call, live, look · **To what, where:** large sea fish, old kind, It, coelacanth, living coelacanth, deep dark water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«coelacanth» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [coelacanth in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/coelacanth.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A coelacanth is a large, rare, deep-sea fish with thick fleshy fins, a very old kind of fish once thought to have died out with the dinosaurs.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coelacanth:m1:1
# text = A coelacanth is a large, rare, deep-sea fish with thick fleshy fins, a very old kind of fish once thought to have died out with the dinosaurs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coelacanth	coelacanth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	fleshy	fleshy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	very	very	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	parataxis	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	25	advmod	_	_
25	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl:relcl	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
27	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	aux	_	_
28	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	xcomp	_	_
29	out	out	ADP	RP	_	28	compound:prt	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a coelacanth | a large sea fish |  |  |  | with thick fleshy fins | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | participle |  | a old kind of fish *not said here* |  |  |  | once *property* | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **die out** | to-infinitive · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | with the dinosaurs | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is often called a «living fossil» because it looks much like its fossil relatives from millions of years ago.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coelacanth:m2:1
# text = It is often called a «living fossil» because it looks much like its fossil relatives from millions of years ago.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
13	much	much	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
22	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | often *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **live** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **look** | present | fossil |  |  |  |  | like fossil's fossil relatives from millions of years; ago *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coelacanth was thought to be extinct for millions of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coelacanth:x1:1
# text = The coelacanth was thought to be extinct for millions of years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coelacanth	coelacanth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past · passive |  | the coelacanth |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for millions of years; extinct *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fisherman caught a living coelacanth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coelacanth:x2:1
# text = A fisherman caught a living coelacanth.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fisherman	fisherman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coelacanth	coelacanth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | past | a fisherman | a living coelacanth |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coelacanth=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists call the coelacanth a living fossil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coelacanth:x3:1
# text = Scientists call the coelacanth a living fossil.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	coelacanth	coelacanth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | Scientists | the coelacanth |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent coelacanth=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coelacanths live in deep, dark water near caves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coelacanth:x4:1
# text = Coelacanths live in deep, dark water near caves.
1	Coelacanths	coelacanth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	near	near	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Coelacanths |  |  | deep dark water |  | near caves | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its fins move a little like legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coelacanth:x5:1
# text = Its fins move a little like legs.
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | Its fins | a little |  |  |  | like legs | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a model coelacanth at the natural history museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coelacanth:x6:1
# text = We saw a model coelacanth at the natural history museum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	coelacanth	coelacanth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a model coelacanth |  | the natural history museum |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer coelacanth=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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