---
title: cogent — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cogent» in the school dictionary: Clear, logical and convincing (a cogent argument, a cogent reason). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cogent

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**Who acts:** She, case, you, your, He, cogent reason · **What happens:** give, be, use, make, essay, have · **To what, where:** cogent argument, evidence, essay, cogent reason, cogent evidence, facts

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«cogent» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cogent in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cogent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clear, logical and convincing (a cogent argument, a cogent reason).

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cogent:m1:1
# text = Clear, logical and convincing (a cogent argument, a cogent reason).
1	Clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	logical	logical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	convincing	convincing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cogent	cogent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	cogent	cogent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gave a cogent argument for a longer lunch break.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cogent:x1:1
# text = She gave a cogent argument for a longer lunch break.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	cogent	cogent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	longer	long	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
9	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | She | a cogent argument |  |  |  | for a longer lunch break | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent argument=Theme for break=Asset |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lawyer's case was clear and cogent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cogent:x2:1
# text = The lawyer's case was clear and cogent.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	cogent	cogent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the lawyer's case |  |  |  |  | clear *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the lawyer's case *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use evidence to make your essay cogent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cogent:x3:1
# text = Use evidence to make your essay cogent.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	essay	essay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	cogent	cogent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | evidence |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your essay |  |  |  | cogent *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset essay=Product |
| 3 | **essay** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom essay «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had no cogent reason for being late.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cogent:x4:1
# text = He had no cogent reason for being late.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
4	cogent	cogent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
8	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | no cogent reason |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | no cogent reason *not said here* |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scientist presented cogent evidence for her theory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cogent:x5:1
# text = The scientist presented cogent evidence for her theory.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	presented	present	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cogent	cogent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **present** | past | the scientist | cogent evidence |  |  |  | for scientist's theory | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent evidence=Theme for theory=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cogent speech uses facts, not just feelings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cogent:x6:1
# text = A cogent speech uses facts, not just feelings.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cogent	cogent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | a cogent speech | facts and feelings |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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