---
title: cognition — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cognition» in the school dictionary: The mental processes of knowing, thinking, learning, remembering and understanding. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cognition

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** mental processes, Sleep, Scientists, cognition experiments, dolphins, doctor · **What happens:** know, think, learn, remember, understand, be · **To what, where:** cognition, exercise, dolphins, mirrors, attention · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cognition» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cognition in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cognition.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science, formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mental processes of knowing, thinking, learning, remembering and understanding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cognition:m1:1
# text = The mental processes of knowing, thinking, learning, remembering and understanding.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	processes	process	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	knowing	know	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	remembering	remember	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	understanding	understand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | gerund | the mental processes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | the mental processes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **learn** | gerund | the mental processes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **remember** | gerund | the mental processes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **understand** | gerund | the mental processes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ability to think and understand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cognition:m2:1
# text = The ability to think and understand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **understand** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sleep is important for good cognition.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cognition:x1:1
# text = Sleep is important for good cognition.
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cognition	cognition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Sleep |  |  |  |  | for good cognition; important *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists study the cognition of clever animals like crows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cognition:x2:1
# text = Scientists study the cognition of clever animals like crows.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cognition	cognition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	crows	crow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | Scientists | the cognition of clever animals like crows |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cognition=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Puzzles and reading exercise your cognition.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cognition:x3:1
# text = Puzzles and reading exercise your cognition.
1	Puzzles	puzzle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	reading	read	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	cognition	cognition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | gerund |  | exercise |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exercise=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animal cognition experiments show dolphins recognise themselves in mirrors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cognition:x4:1
# text = Animal cognition experiments show dolphins recognise themselves in mirrors.
1	Animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	cognition	cognition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	experiments	experiment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	recognise	recognise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	mirrors	mirror	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | cognition experiments |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **recognise** | present | dolphins | dolphins *= dolphin* |  | mirrors |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer themselves=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor checked Grandma's cognition with memory questions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cognition:x5:1
# text = The doctor checked Grandma's cognition with memory questions.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	cognition	cognition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past | the doctor | Grandma's cognition |  |  |  | with memory questions | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cognition=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cognition includes attention, memory and reasoning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cognition:x6:1
# text = Cognition includes attention, memory and reasoning.
1	Cognition	cognition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Cognition | attention and memory and reasoning |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attention=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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