---
title: coinage — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «coinage» in the school dictionary: The coins used in a country; its system of money (decimal coinage). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# coinage

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** someone, museum, Decimal coinage, Brunch, king, writer · **What happens:** use, make, invent, show, be, control · **To what, where:** coins, country, new word, new words, old Roman coinage, 100 pennies

<!-- .vabout -->
«coinage» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [coinage in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/coinage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coins used in a country; its system of money (decimal coinage).

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coinage:m1:1
# text = The coins used in a country; its system of money (decimal coinage).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	decimal	decimal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	coinage	coinage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | the coins and country's system of money *not said here* |  | a country |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making coins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coinage:m2:1
# text = Making coins.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | coins |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset coin=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A new word or phrase that someone has invented, or inventing new words.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coinage:m3:1
# text = A new word or phrase that someone has invented, or inventing new words.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	inventing	invent	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	advcl	_	_
13	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | present · perfect | someone | a new word or phrase *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Result |
| 2 | **invent** | gerund | someone *not said here* | new words |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Result |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum shows old Roman coinage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coinage:x1:1
# text = The museum shows old Roman coinage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coinage	coinage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the museum | old Roman coinage |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent coinage=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Decimal coinage uses 100 pennies to a pound or 100 cents to a dollar.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coinage:x2:1
# text = Decimal coinage uses 100 pennies to a pound or 100 cents to a dollar.
1	Decimal	decimal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	coinage	coinage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pennies	penny	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pound	pound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	cents	cent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	dollar	dollar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Decimal coinage | 100 pennies |  |  |  | to a pound or 100 cents; to a dollar | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penny=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Brunch» is a coinage from «breakfast» and «lunch».

<!-- fold The tree, 8 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coinage:x3:1
# text = «Brunch» is a coinage from «breakfast» and «lunch».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Brunch	brunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	coinage	coinage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Brunch | a coinage |  | breakfast and lunch |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king controlled the coinage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coinage:x4:1
# text = The king controlled the coinage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	controlled	control	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	coinage	coinage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **control** | past | the king | the coinage |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coinage=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gold was once used in coinage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coinage:x5:1
# text = Gold was once used in coinage.
1	Gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	coinage	coinage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past · passive |  | Gold |  | coinage |  | once *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The writer was famous for her clever coinages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coinage:x6:1
# text = The writer was famous for her clever coinages.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	coinages	coinage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the writer |  |  |  |  | for her clever coinages; famous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **coin** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom coinage «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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