---
title: col — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «col» in the school dictionary: The lowest point on a ridge between two mountain peaks, often used as a pass to cross the mountains. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# col

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Col., We, road, cyclists, you, Snow · **What happens:** use, cross, be, climb up, race, command · **To what, where:** mountains, spelling, dialect writing, col, high col., Col Tourmalet · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«col» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [col in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/col.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: geography — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lowest point on a ridge between two mountain peaks, often used as a pass to cross the mountains.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:col:m1:1
# text = The lowest point on a ridge between two mountain peaks, often used as a pass to cross the mountains.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lowest	low	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ridge	ridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	peaks	peak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	often	often	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	pass	pass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | as a pass; often *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cross** | to-infinitive |  | the mountains |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mountain=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Col. is short for Colonel, an army officer's rank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:col:m2:1
# text = Col. is short for Colonel, an army officer's rank.
1	Col.	Col.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Colonel	Colonel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	officer	officer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	rank	rank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Col. |  |  |  |  | for Colonel; short *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
col. is short for column, in tables and newspapers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:col:m3:1
# text = col. is short for column, in tables and newspapers.
1	col.	Col.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	parataxis	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | col. |  |  |  |  | for column; short *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some dialect writing, col' is a spelling of cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:col:m4:1
# text = In some dialect writing, col' is a spelling of cold.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
3	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	col	col	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a spelling |  | some dialect writing and col |  | of cold | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We climbed up to the col between the two peaks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:col:x1:1
# text = We climbed up to the col between the two peaks.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	col	col	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	peaks	peak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb up** | past | We |  |  | the col between the two peaks |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to col=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road crosses the mountains at a high col.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:col:x2:1
# text = The road crosses the mountains at a high col.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crosses	cross	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	col.	Col.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | present | the road | the mountains |  | a high col. |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mountain=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cyclists raced over the Col du Tourmalet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:col:x3:1
# text = The cyclists raced over the Col du Tourmalet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cyclists	cyclist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raced	race	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	Col	Col	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	du	du	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
8	Tourmalet	Tourmalet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **race** | past | the cyclists |  |  | the Col Tourmalet |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over tourmalet=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Col. Smith commanded the regiment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:col:x4:1
# text = Col. Smith commanded the regiment.
1	Col.	Col.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	regiment	regiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **command** | past | Col. | the regiment |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent regiment=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look at col. 3 in the table for the totals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:col:x5:1
# text = Look at col. 3 in the table for the totals.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	col.	Col.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	totals	total	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | col. |  | in the table; for the totals | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent at col.=Location for total=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Snow often lies in the col until summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:col:x6:1
# text = Snow often lies in the col until summer.
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	col	col	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	until	until	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | present | Snow |  |  | the col | summer | often *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in col=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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