---
title: coldness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «coldness» in the school dictionary: Coldness is the state of being cold, having a low temperature («the coldness of the water»). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# coldness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Coldness, state, unfriendly behaviour, I, He, ears · **What happens:** be, have, not show, take away, feel, hurt · **To what, where:** state, low temperature, unfriendly behaviour, warmth, breath, coldness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«coldness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [coldness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/coldness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coldness is the state of being cold, having a low temperature («the coldness of the water»).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coldness:m1:1
# text = Coldness is the state of being cold, having a low temperature («the coldness of the water»).
1	Coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Coldness | the state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | gerund | the state *not said here* | a low temperature |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coldness is unfriendly behaviour: not showing warmth, kindness or interest towards someone.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coldness:m2:1
# text = Coldness is unfriendly behaviour: not showing warmth, kindness or interest towards someone.
1	Coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	unfriendly	unfriendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
8	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Coldness | unfriendly behaviour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **show** | gerund | unfriendly behaviour *not said here* | warmth and kindness or interest |  |  |  | towards someone | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent warmth=Patient towards someone=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coldness of the sea took my breath away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coldness:x1:1
# text = The coldness of the sea took my breath away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take away** | past | the coldness of the sea | my breath |  |  |  | away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I could feel the coldness of the stone floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coldness:x2:1
# text = I could feel the coldness of the stone floor.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | could | I | the coldness of the stone floor |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coldness=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her coldness hurt his feelings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coldness:x3:1
# text = Her coldness hurt his feelings.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | past | Her coldness | coldness's feelings |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer feeling=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He spoke with coldness after the argument.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coldness:x4:1
# text = He spoke with coldness after the argument.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | He |  |  |  | after the argument | with coldness | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with coldness=Co-Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coldness of the wind made our ears ache.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coldness:x5:1
# text = The coldness of the wind made our ears ache.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ache	ache	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the coldness of the wind |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ache** | present | our ears |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new girl's coldness was really shyness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coldness:x6:1
# text = The new girl's coldness was really shyness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	really	really	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	shyness	shyness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the new girl's coldness | shyness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the fight there was a coldness between the friends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coldness:x7:1
# text = After the fight there was a coldness between the friends.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
8	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a coldness between the friends |  |  | there | after the fight |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As the sun set, an icy coldness filled all nature, not however of long duration.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coldness:x8:1
# text = As the sun set, an icy coldness filled all nature, not however of long duration.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
14	however	however	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	duration	duration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | participle | a icy coldness | all nature and long duration |  |  |  | as the sun set | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent nature=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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