---
title: collaborate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «collaborate» in the school dictionary: To work together with other people to make something or reach a shared goal: «We collaborated on the poster». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# collaborate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, people, enemy, class, Scientists, Musicians · **What happens:** work together, make, reach, share, collaborate, help · **To what, where:** something, shared goal, poster, enemy, country, newspaper

<!-- .vabout -->
«collaborate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [collaborate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/collaborate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To work together with other people to make something or reach a shared goal: «We collaborated on the poster».

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaborate:m1:1
# text = To work together with other people to make something or reach a shared goal: «We collaborated on the poster».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	work	work	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	together	together	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	collaborated	collaborate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work together** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with other people; together *property* | vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with people=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 3 | **reach** | infinitive |  | a shared goal |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent goal=Theme |
| 4 | **share** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **collaborate** *in a quote* | past | We | a shared goal *not said here* |  | the poster |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history, negative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To help an enemy who has taken over your country, especially in a war: «Some people collaborated with the invaders».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaborate:m2:1
# text = To help an enemy who has taken over your country, especially in a war: «Some people collaborated with the invaders».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	det	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	collaborated	collaborate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	invaders	invader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | to-infinitive | some people *not said here* | a enemy |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **take** | present · perfect | a enemy |  |  | your country |  | in a war | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in war=Location |
| 3 | **collaborate** *in a quote* | past | some people |  |  |  |  | with the invaders | vn conspire-71 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with invader=Co-Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class collaborated with another school to make a newspaper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaborate:x1:1
# text = Our class collaborated with another school to make a newspaper.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	collaborated	collaborate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collaborate** | participle | Our class |  |  |  |  | with another school | vn conspire-71 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with school=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Our class *not said here* | a newspaper |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset newspaper=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two authors collaborated on a book about dinosaurs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaborate:x2:1
# text = The two authors collaborated on a book about dinosaurs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	authors	author	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	collaborated	collaborate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collaborate** | participle |  | the two authors *not said here* |  |  |  | on a book about dinosaurs | vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on book=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists from many countries collaborated to build the space station.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaborate:x3:1
# text = Scientists from many countries collaborated to build the space station.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	collaborated	collaborate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collaborate** | past | Scientists from many countries |  |  |  |  |  | vn conspire-71 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | to-infinitive | Scientists from many countries *not said here* | the space station |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset station=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In maths we collaborated to solve the puzzle in pairs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaborate:x4:1
# text = In maths we collaborated to solve the puzzle in pairs.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	collaborated	collaborate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	solve	solve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	pairs	pair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collaborate** | past | we |  |  | maths |  |  | vn conspire-71 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **solve** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | the puzzle |  | pairs |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Musicians collaborate when they write a song together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaborate:x5:1
# text = Musicians collaborate when they write a song together.
1	Musicians	musician	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	collaborate	collaborate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	write	write	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collaborate** | present | Musicians |  |  |  |  |  | vn conspire-71 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **write** | present | Musicians *= musician* | a song |  |  |  | together *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the war, some people were punished for collaborating with the enemy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaborate:x6:1
# text = In the war, some people were punished for collaborating with the enemy.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	collaborating	collaborate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | past · passive |  | some people |  | the war |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **collaborate** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with the enemy | vn conspire-71 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with enemy=Co-Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let's collaborate instead of arguing about whose idea is best.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaborate:x7:1
# text = Let's collaborate instead of arguing about whose idea is best.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	collaborate	collaborate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	6	mark	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	arguing	argue	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | 's |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **collaborate** | infinitive | 's *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conspire-71 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | gerund | 's *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | idea |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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