---
title: collaboration — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «collaboration» in the school dictionary: Working together with others to make or do something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# collaboration

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, enemy, class mural, Good collaboration, two singers, Scientists · **What happens:** work together, make, do, help, take, be · **To what, where:** something, piece, enemy, country, collaboration, project

<!-- .vabout -->
«collaboration» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [collaboration in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/collaboration.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Working together with others to make or do something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaboration:m1:1
# text = Working together with others to make or do something.
1	Working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	together	together	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work together** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with others; together *property* | vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with other=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **do** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A piece of work made by people working together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaboration:m2:1
# text = A piece of work made by people working together.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:agent	_	_
8	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a piece of work *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **work together** | gerund | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history, negative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helping an enemy who has taken over your country, especially in a war.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaboration:m3:1
# text = Helping an enemy who has taken over your country, especially in a war.
1	Helping	help	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | gerund |  | a enemy |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **take** | present · perfect | a enemy |  |  | your country |  | in a war | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in war=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class mural was a collaboration between all the pupils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaboration:x1:1
# text = Our class mural was a collaboration between all the pupils.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	mural	mural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	10	det:predet	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Our class mural | a collaboration |  |  |  | between all pupils | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The project was made in collaboration with the local museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaboration:x2:1
# text = The project was made in collaboration with the local museum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | the project |  | collaboration |  | with the local museum | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good collaboration means listening to each other.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaboration:x3:1
# text = Good collaboration means listening to each other.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	listening	listen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	4	obl	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Good collaboration |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **listen** *not said to happen* | gerund | Good collaboration *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to each | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to each=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two singers released a collaboration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaboration:x4:1
# text = The two singers released a collaboration.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	singers	singer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	released	release	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **release** | past | the two singers | a collaboration |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer collaboration=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists around the world worked in collaboration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaboration:x5:1
# text = Scientists around the world worked in collaboration.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	around	around	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | past | Scientists around the world |  |  |  |  | in collaboration | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in collaboration=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Collaboration helps us solve bigger problems.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaboration:x6:1
# text = Collaboration helps us solve bigger problems.
1	Collaboration	collaboration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	solve	solve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Collaboration | us |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **solve** | infinitive | us *not said here* | bigger problems |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the war, collaboration with the enemy was punished.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaboration:x7:1
# text = In the war, collaboration with the enemy was punished.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | past · passive |  |  |  | the war and collaboration with the enemy |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP» |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The best of Perrault's critics, Paul de St Victor and Andrew Lang among others, see in the book a marvellous collaboration of crabbed age and youth.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:collaboration:x8:1
# text = The best of Perrault's critics, Paul de St Victor and Andrew Lang among others, see in the book a marvellous collaboration of crabbed age and youth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	Perrault	Perrault	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	critics	critic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Paul	Paul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	St	St	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Victor	Victor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	list	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	Andrew	Andrew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
14	Lang	Lang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	flat	_	_
15	among	among	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	see	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	marvellous	marvellous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	crabbed	crab	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	amod	_	_
27	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | infinitive |  |  |  | the book |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **crab** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **collaborate** |  | crabbed age and youth |  |  |  |  |  | nom collaboration «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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