---
title: colleague — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «colleague» in the school dictionary: A colleague is a person you work with, especially in a job or profession. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# colleague

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** colleague, you, Mum, teacher, doctor, colleagues · **What happens:** be, work, go out, ask, help, discuss · **To what, where:** person, colleague, case, lift, him, She · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«colleague» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [colleague in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/colleague.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A colleague is a person you work with, especially in a job or profession.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colleague:m1:1
# text = A colleague is a person you work with, especially in a job or profession.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	colleague	colleague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	profession	profession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a colleague | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | present | you | a person *not said here* |  |  |  | with a job or profession | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent person=Material |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum went out for lunch with her colleagues.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colleague:x1:1
# text = Mum went out for lunch with her colleagues.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	colleagues	colleague	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | past | Mum |  |  |  |  | for lunch; with Mum's colleagues; out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with colleague=Co-Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My teacher asked a colleague to help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colleague:x2:1
# text = My teacher asked a colleague to help.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	colleague	colleague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | My teacher | a colleague |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent colleague=Recipient |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | My teacher *not said here* | a colleague *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor discussed the case with a colleague.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colleague:x3:1
# text = The doctor discussed the case with a colleague.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	discussed	discuss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	colleague	colleague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discuss** *speech: other* | past | the doctor | the case |  |  |  | with a colleague | vn chit\_chat-37.6-1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent case=Topic with colleague=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad's colleague gave him a lift home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colleague:x4:1
# text = Dad's colleague gave him a lift home.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	colleague	colleague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lift	lift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	home	home	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Dad's colleague | a lift | him *= he* |  |  | home *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient lift=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is respected by all her colleagues.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colleague:x5:1
# text = She is respected by all her colleagues.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	respected	respect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	colleagues	colleague	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **respect** | present · passive | her colleagues | She |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new nurse met her colleagues on the ward.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colleague:x6:1
# text = The new nurse met her colleagues on the ward.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	colleagues	colleague	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ward	ward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | the new nurse | nurse's colleagues |  | the ward |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colleague=Co-Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“I am sorry,” said the Owl, “to have to contradict the Crow, my famous friend and colleague.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colleague:x7:1
# text = “I am sorry,” said the Owl, “to have to contradict the Crow, my famous friend and colleague.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Owl	Owl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	contradict	contradict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	colleague	colleague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the Owl *= owl* |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Owl |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | the Owl *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **contradict** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | the Owl *not said here* | the Crow |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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