---
title: colobus — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «colobus» in the school dictionary: A slender African monkey with long silky fur, a long tail and only a stump instead of a thumb; the best-known kind is black and white. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# colobus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** best known kind, monkeys, black colobus, Colobus monkeys, word, Greek word · **What happens:** know, be, live, eat, have, come · **To what, where:** forest trees, leaves, long bushy tail, Greek word, colobus monkeys, zoo · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«colobus» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [colobus in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/colobus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A slender African monkey with long silky fur, a long tail and only a stump instead of a thumb; the best-known kind is black and white.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colobus:m1:1
# text = A slender African monkey with long silky fur, a long tail and only a stump instead of a thumb; the best-known kind is black and white.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	slender	slender	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	silky	silky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	only	only	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
17	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	20	case	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	thumb	thumb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
23	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	26	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	amod	_	_
26	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | the best known kind |  |  |  |  | black *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | the best known kind *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The group of these monkeys, which live high in forest trees and eat mostly leaves.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colobus:m2:1
# text = The group of these monkeys, which live high in forest trees and eat mostly leaves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | this monkeys |  |  | forest trees |  | high *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tree=Location |
| 2 | **eat** | present | this monkeys *not said here* | leaves |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The colobus leapt from tree to tree high above us.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colobus:x1:1
# text = The colobus leapt from tree to tree high above us.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	colobus	colobus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	leapt	leapt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
9	above	above	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A black-and-white colobus has a long, white, bushy tail.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colobus:x2:1
# text = A black-and-white colobus has a long, white, bushy tail.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
7	colobus	colobus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
14	bushy	bushy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a black colobus | a long bushy tail |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Colobus monkeys eat leaves, not bananas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colobus:x3:1
# text = Colobus monkeys eat leaves, not bananas.
1	Colobus	colobus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	bananas	banana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Colobus monkeys | leaves and bananas |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word «colobus» comes from a Greek word meaning «cut short», because of its missing thumb.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colobus:x4:1
# text = The word «colobus» comes from a Greek word meaning «cut short», because of its missing thumb.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	colobus	colobus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	thumb	thumb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the word |  |  | a Greek word |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from word=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | a Greek word *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cut** *not said to happen, in a quote* | infinitive | a Greek word *not said here* |  |  |  |  | because word's missing thumb; short *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw colobus monkeys at the zoo in their tall tree house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colobus:x5:1
# text = We saw colobus monkeys at the zoo in their tall tree house.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	colobus	colobus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
10	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | colobus monkeys |  | the zoo |  | in monkeys's tall tree house | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer monkey=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cutting down forests puts some kinds of colobus in danger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colobus:x6:1
# text = Cutting down forests puts some kinds of colobus in danger.
1	Cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	down	down	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	colobus	colobus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut down** | gerund |  | forests |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset forest=Product |
| 2 | **put** | present | Cutting | some kinds of colobus |  | danger |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent kind=Theme in danger=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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