---
title: cologne — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cologne» in the school dictionary: A light perfume, often for men, also called eau de cologne. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cologne

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** men, Cologne, Dad, much cologne, people, Cologne Cathedral · **What happens:** call, be, wear, smell, make, sneeze · **To what, where:** eau, large city, River Rhine, bit, people, two enormous spires · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cologne» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cologne in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cologne.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A light perfume, often for men, also called eau de cologne.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cologne:m1:1
# text = A light perfume, often for men, also called eau de cologne.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	perfume	perfume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	also	also	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
11	eau	eau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	_
12	de	de	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	cologne	cologne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | men *not said here* | eau de cologne |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cologne is a large city on the River Rhine in western Germany, famous for its huge Gothic cathedral (Köln in German).

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cologne:m2:1
# text = Cologne is a large city on the River Rhine in western Germany, famous for its huge Gothic cathedral (Köln in German).
1	Cologne	cologne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Rhine	Rhine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
17	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	Gothic	gothic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Köln	Köln	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	German	German	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cologne | a large city |  | the River Rhine in western Germany |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Cologne *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for Cologne's huge Gothic cathedral | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad wears a bit of cologne on special days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cologne:x1:1
# text = Dad wears a bit of cologne on special days.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cologne	cologne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | Dad | a bit of cologne |  |  | day |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent bit=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cologne smelled of lemons and wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cologne:x2:1
# text = The cologne smelled of lemons and wood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cologne	cologne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	lemons	lemon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | the cologne |  |  |  |  | of lemons and wood | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Location of lemon=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much cologne can make people sneeze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cologne:x3:1
# text = Too much cologne can make people sneeze.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cologne	cologne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	sneeze	sneeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | much cologne | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sneeze** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cologne Cathedral has two enormous spires.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cologne:x4:1
# text = Cologne Cathedral has two enormous spires.
1	Cologne	Cologne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Cathedral	Cathedral	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	enormous	enormous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	spires	spire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Cologne Cathedral | two enormous spires |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spire=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We took a boat trip on the Rhine at Cologne.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cologne:x5:1
# text = We took a boat trip on the Rhine at Cologne.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Rhine	Rhine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Cologne	Cologne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | We | a boat trip |  | the Rhine at Cologne |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent trip=Theme on rhine=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eau de cologne was first made in Cologne.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cologne:x6:1
# text = Eau de cologne was first made in Cologne.
1	Eau	Eau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	de	de	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	flat:foreign	_	_
3	cologne	cologne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	advmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Cologne	Cologne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | Eau cologne |  | Cologne |  | first *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gave a shriek of alarm and fainted away, and they had to pour two barrels of eau-de-cologne over her before she recovered.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cologne:x7:1
# text = She gave a shriek of alarm and fainted away, and they had to pour two barrels of eau-de-cologne over her before she recovered.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	shriek	shriek	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	alarm	alarm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	fainted	faint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	pour	pour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	barrels	barrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
19	eau	eau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	de	de	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	cologne	cologne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
24	over	over	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
26	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	recovered	recover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | She | a shriek of alarm |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shriek=Theme |
| 2 | **faint away** | past | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn change\_bodily\_state-40.8.4 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **have** | past | they |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **pour** | to-infinitive | they *not said here* | two barrels of eau de cologne |  |  |  |  | vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent barrel=Theme her=Destination |
| 5 | **recover** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **shriek** |  |  | alarm |  |  |  |  | nom shriek «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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