---
title: colonisation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «colonisation» in the school dictionary: When one country takes control of another land and sends people to live there, often taking power from the people already living there. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/colonisation/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / colonisation

# colonisation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** one country, people, plants, colonisation, Moss, India · **What happens:** take, send, live, move, start, begin · **To what, where:** control, people, power, new place, 1788, Australia

<!-- .vabout -->
«colonisation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [colonisation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/colonisation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When one country takes control of another land and sends people to live there, often taking power from the people already living there.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonisation:m1:1
# text = When one country takes control of another land and sends people to live there, often taking power from the people already living there.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
5	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
14	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	often	often	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
18	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
22	already	already	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	_
24	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | one country | control of another land |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent control=Theme |
| 2 | **send** | present |  | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **take** | gerund |  | power |  |  |  | from the people; often *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent power=Theme from people=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When plants or animals move into a new place and start living there.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonisation:m2:1
# text = When plants or animals move into a new place and start living there.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
12	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	xcomp	_	_
13	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | plants or animals |  |  | a new place |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into place=Trajectory |
| 2 | **start** | infinitive | plants or animals *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **live** | gerund | plants or animals *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The colonisation of Australia began in 1788.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonisation:x1:1
# text = The colonisation of Australia began in 1788.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	colonisation	colonisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1788	1788	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the colonisation of Australia |  |  | 1788 |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **colonise** |  |  | Australia |  |  |  |  | nom colonisation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Colonisation took land from Indigenous peoples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonisation:x2:1
# text = Colonisation took land from Indigenous peoples.
1	Colonisation	colonisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Colonisation | land |  |  |  | from Indigenous peoples | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent land=Theme from people=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moss is often the first plant in the colonisation of bare rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonisation:x3:1
# text = Moss is often the first plant in the colonisation of bare rock.
1	Moss	moss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	colonisation	colonisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Moss | the first plant |  | the colonisation of bare rock |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **colonise** |  |  | bare rock |  |  |  |  | nom colonisation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people dream of the colonisation of Mars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonisation:x4:1
# text = Some people dream of the colonisation of Mars.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dream	dream	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	colonisation	colonisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Mars	Mars	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dream** | present | some people |  |  |  |  | of the colonisation of Mars | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **colonise** |  |  | Mars |  |  |  |  | nom colonisation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
India gained independence after years of British colonisation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonisation:x5:1
# text = India gained independence after years of British colonisation.
1	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gained	gain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	colonisation	colonisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gain** | past | India | independence |  |  | year |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent independence=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lessons discuss both what colonisers built and the harm they did.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonisation:x6:1
# text = Lessons discuss both what colonisers built and the harm they did.
1	Lessons	lesson	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	discuss	discuss	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nsubj	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	obl	_	_
5	colonisers	coloniser	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discuss** *speech: other* | present | Lessons |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **build** | past | colonisers |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **do** | past | colonisers *= coloniser* | the harm *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [colonial](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/colonial/)
- next →: [colonise](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/colonise/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)