---
title: colonised — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «colonised» in the school dictionary: When a country colonised a land, it took control of it and sent its people to live there, often taking the land from the people already living there. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# colonised

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** country, it, animals, Britain, Europeans, Many colonised countries · **What happens:** colonis, take, send, live, colonise, move in · **To what, where:** land, control, people, place, Australia, bare ground

<!-- .vabout -->
«colonised» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [colonised in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/colonised.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When a country colonised a land, it took control of it and sent its people to live there, often taking the land from the people already living there.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonised:m1:1
# text = When a country colonised a land, it took control of it and sent its people to live there, often taking the land from the people already living there.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	colonised	colonis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
19	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	often	often	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
28	already	already	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	conj	_	_
30	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colonis** | past | a country | a land |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | past | it | control of country |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent control=Theme |
| 3 | **send** | past |  | country's people |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 4 | **live** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **take** | gerund |  | the land |  |  |  | from the people; often *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent land=Theme from people=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When animals or plants colonise a place, they move in and start living and growing there.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonised:m2:1
# text = When animals or plants colonise a place, they move in and start living and growing there.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	colonise	colonise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	in	in	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
14	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	xcomp	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	conj	_	_
17	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colonise** | present | animals or plants | a place |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **move in** | present | animals *= animal* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **start** | infinitive | animals *= animal* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **live** | gerund | animals *= animal* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **grow** | gerund | animals *= animal* *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Britain colonised Australia and New Zealand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonised:x1:1
# text = Britain colonised Australia and New Zealand.
1	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	colonised	colonis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
6	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colonis** | past | Britain | Australia and New Zealand |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The land was colonised by Europeans who took it from the people already living there.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonised:x2:1
# text = The land was colonised by Europeans who took it from the people already living there.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	colonised	colonis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Europeans	European	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
13	already	already	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
15	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colonis** | past · passive | Europeans | the land |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | past |  | land |  |  |  | from the people | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent it=Theme from people=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many colonised countries became independent later.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonised:x3:1
# text = Many colonised countries became independent later.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	colonised	colonis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	independent	independent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colonis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | past | Many colonised countries |  |  |  |  | independent, late *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the fire, grasses quickly colonised the bare ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonised:x4:1
# text = After the fire, grasses quickly colonised the bare ground.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	grasses	grass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	colonised	colonis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colonis** | past | grasses | the bare ground |  |  | after the fire | quickly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moss colonised the old wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonised:x5:1
# text = Moss colonised the old wall.
1	Moss	moss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	colonised	colonis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colonis** | past | Moss | the old wall |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bacteria colonised the dish of jelly in our experiment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colonised:x6:1
# text = Bacteria colonised the dish of jelly in our experiment.
1	Bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	colonised	colonis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dish	dish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	jelly	jelly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colonis** | past | Bacteria | the dish of jelly in our experiment |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **experiment** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom experiment «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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