---
title: colourless — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «colourless» in the school dictionary: Colourless means having no colour at all, like clear water or air. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# colourless

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Colourless, Water, Oxygen, face, old town, Carbon monoxide · **What happens:** mean, have, be, feel, need, mix · **To what, where:** colour, all, colourless liquid, colourless gas, alarms, colourless solution · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«colourless» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [colourless in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/colourless.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Colourless means having no colour at all, like clear water or air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colourless:m1:1
# text = Colourless means having no colour at all, like clear water or air.
1	Colourless	colourless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Colourless |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  | no colour |  | all |  | like clear water or air | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Colourless can mean pale and grey: «a colourless face».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colourless:m2:1
# text = Colourless can mean pale and grey: «a colourless face».
1	Colourless	colourless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	colourless	colourless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Colourless |  |  |  |  | pale *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Colourless can mean dull and boring, with nothing interesting: «a colourless town».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colourless:m3:1
# text = Colourless can mean dull and boring, with nothing interesting: «a colourless town».
1	Colourless	colourless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	parataxis	_	_
10	interesting	interesting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	colourless	colourless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Colourless |  |  |  |  | dull *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water is a colourless liquid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colourless:x1:1
# text = Water is a colourless liquid.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	colourless	colourless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Water | a colourless liquid |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oxygen is a colourless gas with no smell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colourless:x2:1
# text = Oxygen is a colourless gas with no smell.
1	Oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	colourless	colourless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Oxygen | a colourless gas |  |  |  | with no smell | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the shock, her face was colourless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colourless:x3:1
# text = After the shock, her face was colourless.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shock	shock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	colourless	colourless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | her face |  |  |  | after the shock | colourless *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old town felt grey and colourless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colourless:x4:1
# text = The old town felt grey and colourless.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	colourless	colourless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | the old town |  |  |  |  | grey *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carbon monoxide is colourless and deadly, so homes need alarms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colourless:x5:1
# text = Carbon monoxide is colourless and deadly, so homes need alarms.
1	Carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	monoxide	monoxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	colourless	colourless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	deadly	deadly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	alarms	alarm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Carbon monoxide |  |  |  |  | colourless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Carbon monoxide *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **need** | present | homes | alarms |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot alarm=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mix the colourless solution with the indicator and watch it turn pink.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:colourless:x6:1
# text = Mix the colourless solution with the indicator and watch it turn pink.
1	Mix	mix	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	colourless	colourless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	solution	solution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	indicator	indicator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	watch	watch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | imperative | you *not said here* | the colourless solution |  |  |  | with the indicator | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent solution=Patient with indicator=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **watch** | infinitive | you *not said here* | solution |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **turn** | infinitive | solution *not said here* |  |  |  |  | pink *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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